Nose bleeds often

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What are the reasons for nosebleeds in adults?

Every person has had to deal with nosebleeds at least once. But not everyone knows why nosebleeds occur. The reasons for this phenomenon in an adult can be very different: overwork and fatigue, nasal injuries, as well as other more serious diseases.

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In cases where nosebleeds occur quite often, you should immediately undergo a medical examination to identify the true cause or disease.

Such symptoms can signal a disease of various internal organs - liver, kidneys, and blood. In addition, nosebleeds can be caused by cardiovascular diseases, rheumatism and various infectious diseases.

Classification

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

  1. Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant. Such bleeding is not dangerous to health and does not lead to any consequences. The only negative point may be fear, hysteria or fainting in young children.
  2. Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml. Such blood loss causes slight weakness, dizziness, rapid pulse and flickering of spots before the eyes. Visible mucous membranes and skin may become pale.
  3. We are talking about massive blood loss in cases where up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously. It is accompanied by more severe symptoms compared to mild ones: weakness, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, thirst, shortness of breath.
  4. Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above. Massive blood loss leads to hemorrhagic shock, expressed in a sharp drop in blood pressure, lethargy, various disturbances of consciousness up to its loss, and insufficient blood circulation in the internal organs.

Also, nosebleeds can be divided into local and general. Local are those that cause bleeding when the nose is damaged locally, and general are those that cause bleeding in general.

Why does an adult have nosebleeds: reasons

Drops or streams of blood appearing from the nasal passages are a consequence of vascular damage. This happens as a result of either mechanical impact (trauma to the nose) or internal processes in the body.

Let's take a closer look at the main reasons why an adult may have a nosebleed, and what to do in this case:

  1. Trauma - most often, various blows to the face area lead to injury to the nose, which may be accompanied by a fracture of its septum with the development of severe bleeding. In childhood, injuries to the nasal mucosa are caused by the habit of picking the nose with a finger or other objects (pencil, pen).
  2. Impact of external conditions. Long exposure to the sun, overwork, physical activity are factors that can cause spontaneous nosebleeds. This is an isolated phenomenon, it is not a reason to go to the doctor, the bleeding quickly stops, and the incident is forgotten.
  3. Sunstroke and overheating are one of the main factors for nosebleeds, especially in the summer. Due to high temperatures, the nasal cavity becomes dry and the vessels become fragile. They burst easily and cause nosebleeds. To protect yourself from heatstroke, you need to wear a Panama hat or a hat and stay in a shady place as much as possible.
  4. Drying of the mucous membranes can also cause bleeding from the nose, as the capillaries become fragile. Drying of the nasal mucosa can be the result of prolonged exposure to dry air or frost.

The second group of nosebleeds is usually caused by much more serious reasons, including systemic disorders. In this case, nosebleeds are not a separate pathological condition, but a manifestation of symptoms of diseases of any organs and physiological systems, most often the respiratory and circulatory systems. This group includes diseases such as:

  1. Hypertension. Increased blood pressure or intracranial pressure can also cause nosebleeds. But this is more of a blessing than a disaster, because it is better to lose a little blood and lower blood pressure than to have a stroke. By the way, most often pressure changes occur from 4 to 6 am. This fact explains why some people have nosebleeds in the morning.
  2. Inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or its sinuses (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) - inflammation weakens the walls of blood vessels, making them more brittle. Acute respiratory viral infection, allergic rhinitis, bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, E. coli) can lead to the development of the inflammatory process.
  3. Papillomas in the nose are growths on the mucous membrane. They are the result of a viral infection and are dangerous due to mutations into malignant formations. Polyps put pressure on blood vessels, make breathing difficult, and cause frequent bleeding in the morning.
  4. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is accompanied by weak, fragile vessels, often causing nosebleeds in an adult or child diagnosed with VSD. Additional symptoms include watery discharge, headache, and tinnitus.
  5. Atherosclerosis - changes in blood vessels, loss of their elasticity, frequent damage with the occurrence of various bleedings (internal and external).
  6. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal gland that causes increased levels of stress hormones. Because of this, the pressure rises sharply and the nose bleeds constantly. Signs of this tumor are frequent nosebleeds and dry nose. If you have such symptoms, you should contact the clinic.
  7. Taking medications. Bleeding is usually caused by drugs that prevent blood clotting. These include heparin, aspirin and others. Blood from the nose can flow with prolonged and uncontrolled use of nasal sprays that dry out the mucous membrane.
  8. Oncological diseases. Epistaxis occurs with malignant and benign tumors in the nose. In addition to bleeding, there may be an ulcer on the nasal mucosa, swelling of the nose, and a change in its shape.
  9. Diseases accompanied by bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia.
  10. Vitamin C deficiency. As you know, vitamin C strengthens the walls of blood vessels. If there is not enough of it, the vascular walls become loose and brittle. This fact may be the answer to the question why nosebleeds often occur.

In adults, the most common cause of nosebleeds is damage to the vessels of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach's place), which is densely penetrated by a network of small arterioles and capillaries. Such bleeding, as a rule, does not pose a threat to human health. Blood from the nose flows out in drops or a thin stream and, with normal clotting, quickly stops on its own.

The situation is worse when the vessels of the upper and posterior sections of the nasal cavity are damaged. The arteries here are noticeably larger than in the anterior section, and therefore the bleeding is stronger, can cause significant harm to health and even lead to death due to very severe blood loss. In this case, the blood flows in a bright red, non-foamy stream, may appear from the mouth, and practically does not stop on its own.

What to do when your nose is bleeding?

There is no point in treating symptoms exclusively, since the underlying disease must be eliminated. The causes of frequent nosebleeds are determined by your doctor. It is necessary to visit a therapist or pediatrician and otolaryngologist. For diagnosis, you will need to take a general blood test and check blood clotting indicators.

Nosebleeds may not be so harmless. Many people do not pay enough attention to this. If blood from the nose bothers you in rare cases and then due to mechanical action, then there is no need to worry.

If blood from the nose bothers you often, it spurts out, or the bleeding is profuse and prolonged - all this is a signal to seek help from a specialist as soon as possible.

How to stop nosebleeds?

If blood flows from the nose as a result of mechanical damage and there is little blood, and apart from a slight headache, there are no signs of serious illness, you can deal with the problem yourself. The order of tasks is as follows: first we stop the bleeding, then with the help of analgesics you can reduce the intensity of pain.

Take a sitting position and tilt your head back slightly. Loosen your tie and unbutton your collar. Do not tilt your head forward - this will cause a rush of blood to the nose area and increased bleeding. It is also impossible to throw your head back - blood will enter the nasopharynx and lead to vomiting.

You can put a piece of ice or a towel soaked in cold water on the bridge of your nose for a short time, about ten minutes. A napkin moistened with cold water can also be applied to the back of the neck. It is advisable to press the nostril from which the blood is coming from for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If the bleeding is intense or does not stop, use tampons. For this, cotton swabs soaked in hydrogen peroxide are suitable; they need to be inserted into the nose, but not too deep, and sit for 10-15 minutes.

If there is no tampon and hydrogen peroxide, then insert a bandage into the nostril from which the blood is coming, leaving at least 10 centimeters outside so that it can be freely removed from the nostril. This is done to prevent blood from coming out of the nose. Also, if you have vasoconstrictor medications for nasal instillation, then apply a few drops to a tampon and insert it into your nose. These drops will help close the damaged vessel, which caused the bleeding. Then place the person in a cool, quiet, dark room. It happens that these measures are already sufficient.

If the bleeding is profuse and cannot be stopped quickly enough at home, the headache is severe, speech, vision or consciousness in general are impaired - immediately call an ambulance.

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One comment

You just need to use less vasoconstrictors, but on the contrary, it’s better if your nose is a little stuffy.

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What to do if your nose bleeds frequently

Sudden bleeding is always frightening or at least alarming for the reason that ideally the blood should be inside the vessels, and not come out of them to the surface. Blood from the nose always causes the same concern - its causes can lie in two different planes - local problems and general diseases.

Types of nosebleeds

The nose is an olfactory organ, richly innervated and equipped with a huge number of vessels. Injured or weak vessels sometimes leak, which is characterized by varying degrees of intensity: in some cases only a few drops flow out, in others moderate or heavy (profuse) bleeding develops.

Nosebleeds are distinguished by the following symptoms:

  • Localizations;
  • Frequency of occurrence;
  • The mechanism and type of damaged vessels;
  • Volume of blood loss.

The totality of data obtained by the doctor during the examination (examination) of the patient allows one to determine the nature of the bleeding, its causes, as well as assess possible risks and provide first aid. If necessary, further treatment is prescribed.

Localization of nosebleeds

Most often, bleeding occurs from the Kisselbach area - a plexus of blood vessels in the anterior part of the nasal septum. They are harmless and can be easily stopped even by a non-specialist - you just need to know how to stop a nosebleed without the intervention of a medical professional.

Even more often, anterior nosebleeds stop on their own - especially if their volume does not exceed a few drops.

The situation is more complicated and more dangerous with bleeding from the back of the nose: the volume of blood is usually significant. The danger is that outwardly the situation may look like a slight blood loss, since the main volume of blood does not flow out - it ends up in the throat, so the person is forced to swallow it all.

Swallowed blood causes nausea and bloody vomiting: vomit may be scarlet (when fresh blood enters the stomach) or brown (when the blood has already coagulated). You cannot do without medical help here.

Frequency of occurrence

Nosebleeds can be infrequent or recurrent. Rare bleeding that ends quickly and spontaneously does not cause any concern - they are considered a minor nuisance, nothing more. This is indeed true: a small vessel bursting while blowing your nose is unlikely to seriously undermine your health.

Recurrent nosebleeds are a clear reason to be wary and get examined to find out why your nose is bleeding. If blood flows from the nose frequently, this may be a symptom of some disease or passing condition.

Mechanism

There are spontaneous and traumatic mechanisms of nosebleeds. Spontaneously occurring bleeding occurs as if by itself, and traumatic bleeding occurs as a result of injury to the nose with a blow or surgical intervention (for example, removal of the adenoids).

Blood leaks from damaged vessels - arteries, veins or capillaries. The slightest bleeding occurs when small vessels - capillaries - are damaged, the most intense - when arteries are damaged.

Volume of blood loss

The volume of blood leaking from the nose can range from several milliliters to half a liter.

  • Blood loss of a few milliliters is considered insignificant;
  • Blood loss is assessed as moderate if its volume does not exceed 200 ml;
  • We are talking about massive blood loss in cases when up to 300 ml of blood flows out in total or simultaneously;
  • Profuse bleeding is characterized by a large volume - 500 ml and above.

Minor blood loss does not require specialist intervention; in all other cases, you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance team.

Serious causes of nosebleeds

If you or someone nearby has a nosebleed, the reasons must be determined quickly and accurately, since further tactics of behavior will depend on this.

This can be self-help or calling specialists for further examination and treatment.

Traumatic nosebleeds are always understandable because they begin immediately after a bruise or blow. Everything is clear with postoperative bleeding - here you can never do without blood.

But what to do if there were no injuries, no surgery on the nose, but the blood flows, and flows frequently and for no apparent reason?

Causes of nosebleeds may be associated with the following conditions:

  • Vascular diseases;
  • Diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs;
  • Infections;
  • Neoplasms in the nasal cavity;
  • Vitamin deficiencies.

With vascular diseases, their walls quickly wear out, becoming brittle and permeable, which is why hypertensive crises are often accompanied by nosebleeds.

Naturally weak capillaries rupture every time, and the nose begins to bleed when blowing the nose or sneezing.

Blood diseases (Werlhof's disease, hemophilia, chlorosis, leukemia, some types of anemia) also cause frequent and sometimes heavy nosebleeds, which can be difficult to stop without medical intervention.

With hepatitis and cirrhosis, coagulopathy occurs - a blood clotting disorder. One of the manifestations of these severe liver lesions is nosebleeds.

Viral and bacterial infections, which people so often get sick in the off-season, cause swelling of the nasal mucosa and irritation of blood vessels, so when you blow your nose and sneeze, a little blood may come out. Such minor bleeding goes away on its own when the sick person recovers.

An exacerbation of any form of sinusitis can also cause nosebleeds - especially when trying to blow your nose.

Polyps, angiomas, papillomas and adenoids are benign neoplasms in the nose, which often cause sudden bleeding, since the tumors are equipped with vessels that are also susceptible to rupture when blowing the nose, snoring or sneezing.

Vitamin deficiency, caused by a deficiency of vitamins C and B3, affects blood clotting. If you experience nosebleeds, you should pay attention to how you eat.

Each of the above conditions can cause nosebleeds at any time of the day - even at night, so a morning spot of blood on the pillow has the same explanation as daytime or evening bleeding.

When not to worry

Nosebleeds occur during pregnancy or other periods of body change when significant shifts in hormonal balance occur. With the stabilization of hormonal levels, nosebleeds stop.

A trip to the bathhouse, a long flight, or climbing high in the mountains cause sharp fluctuations in blood pressure, so slight bleeding is normal and there is no need to worry.

First aid for nosebleeds

You need to stop a nosebleed - how to do it correctly so as not to worsen the condition?

Here are some mandatory measures:

  • Sit the person down, tilt his head forward so that the blood drains from the wings of his nose;
  • If the patient is lying down, you need to turn him on his side so that the flowing blood does not accidentally enter his nasopharynx;
  • Apply a cold object to the bridge of your nose (ice, a piece of frozen meat, a plastic bottle with cold water) - this will help to achieve rapid vasoconstriction;
  • If the measures described are not enough, try pressing your nostril to the nasal septum - a blood clot will quickly form in the damaged vessel, which will close the breakthrough;
  • Use a swab soaked in nasal drops. Naphthyzin and Sanorin help a lot. The tampon should be tight, and it should be inserted deeper into the nasal passage.

It is important not only to know how to stop a nosebleed: you need to be able to correctly assess the situation so as not to waste time on manipulations that are unlikely to help stop the bleeding using improvised means.

If the person’s condition does not improve within the next ten minutes, call an ambulance.

An immediate call to medical personnel is also required in case of heavy bleeding, when blood gushes out like a fountain, and the patient’s general condition quickly deteriorates - he is pale, complains of dizziness, weakness and blurred vision.

There is no need to worry about nosebleeds if they are mild, stop quickly, and occur very rarely. In other cases, you will probably need medical advice and possibly treatment.

It was very interesting and informative to read all this. For me, this topic is especially important and pressing, simply because my younger brother has nosebleeds very often. And this always scared me, I always wondered why this was happening and what was the reason for this phenomenon. Well, of course, I also read about first aid and noted several points for myself.

My daughter had frequent nosebleeds for a while. We went to doctors: a pediatrician and an ENT specialist, but nothing special was discovered. I had to think for myself what to do. We went through an anti-parasitic program, then gave pharmacy Ascorutin, calcium and other multivitamin preparations. It seems that nosebleeds have become much less common, but it still happens sometimes.

The nose bleeds very often. I don’t know if it’s either overwork, or I don’t walk enough, or I rub my nose very hard. I read it and took note of something.

My mother-in-law was bleeding heavily when her blood pressure rose to 170. And the doctor said that this was even good. Could have been a stroke.

Well done! I learned a lot.

My nose started bleeding for the first time in 53 years. Probably due to illness (varicose veins), thanks for the recommendations. The most important thing is not to be scared, but to calmly assess the situation!

Cool website for 3rd grade. They were asked to write a story about a drop of blood. And here everything is clearly written out! Very interesting, I learned a lot.

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Why does the nose bleed: all possible reasons

From this article you will learn: all the possible causes of nosebleeds in adults and children.

There are many causes of nosebleeds. It is important to determine the cause of bleeding in an individual to prevent recurrent episodes.

In children, blood flows from the nose due to polyps or adenoids, age-related immaturity of blood vessels, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage, anemia, prolonged use of a vasoconstrictor spray, etc.

If your nose bleeds repeatedly, this cannot be ignored. This may be a sign of a serious disease of the blood, internal organs, or a manifestation of oncology. First, you need to try to understand for yourself why the nose may bleed, whether there is a periodicity, notice whether the bleeding is tied to a certain time of day or not, what intensity it is, how often it occurs, whether there are clots or scarlet liquid blood flows.

Then be sure to contact an otolaryngologist. All these observations will help him quickly understand why your nose is bleeding. Of course, additional examination will be required. The doctor will select a list of diagnostic methods in accordance with the suspected cause. It is possible that after receiving the research results, you will need consultation or treatment from another specialist - a cardiologist, endocrinologist, surgeon, oncologist. If there is a facial injury with damage to the nasal passages, the cause of the bleeding is obvious; in this case, you should immediately contact a traumatologist.

Only by eliminating the provoking factor will you get rid of bleeding.

Causes in adults

Two groups of causes of bleeding:

  1. local (local) – affects only the nose;
  2. systemic (general) - arise due to internal effects of the body, for example, in various diseases.

Local provoking factors

  • Nose injuries. They often occur during a fight due to blows to the face or during serious accidents.
  • Allergy. The walls of blood vessels rupture due to an allergic reaction and blood flow.
  • Dry hot room air. Often the cause of night bleeding is drying out of the mucous membrane due to inhalation of too dry air currents during hot radiators in winter.
  • Polyp in the nose or deformation of the nasal septum. This makes nasal breathing difficult, causing the load to be improperly distributed between the nostrils. The polyp compresses the blood vessels, due to which red liquid often flows from the nose, especially in the morning.
  • Atrophy of the mucous membrane. Develops in various inflammatory diseases, for example, chronic rhinitis. It may be a consequence of a hereditary disease or occupational hazard - dusty premises, dry air, working in the cold. Insufficient mucus secretion, drying out and thinning of the mucous membrane causes fragility of blood vessels, and ultimately nosebleeds.
  • Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) may be accompanied by minor nosebleeds. Blood clots are visible along with the mucus that appears during a runny nose.
  • Long-term use of hormonal or vasoconstrictor spray (drops).
  • Sunstroke is one of the main factors in the occurrence of nosebleeds in hot summers. Often, general overheating of the body, which occurs due to prolonged exposure to the scorching rays of the sun, is accompanied by nosebleeds. The vessels of the mucous membrane become fragile and burst.
  • Snorting cocaine. It has long been noted that drug addicts who use cocaine through the nose have thinning mucous membranes, loss of smell, and nosebleeds.

General pathologies of the body

  • Hypertension is the most common cause of nosebleeds in adults, especially older people. This “natural bloodletting” reduces the risk of cerebral stroke. Usually after it the person’s condition does not worsen, but improves. Develops against the background of tinnitus, cephalgia (headache) and other symptoms of crisis. The blood vessels burst, unable to withstand the pressure, causing blood from the nose to flow in a thin stream without clots.
  • Acute infections affecting the mucous membrane of the nasal passages. These are sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, rhinitis, ARVI and others. Inflamed vessels are more fragile and more likely to burst, causing blood to flow through the nose. Similar changes in the vascular walls occur with allergic rhinitis.
  • Blood diseases or other pathologies accompanied by impaired blood clotting. What causes nosebleeds in this case? For example, in hemophilia, a deficiency of blood plasma coagulation factors leads not only to nosebleeds and other heavy external bleeding, but also to serious internal bleeding. Other pathologies include hemorrhagic diathesis, vasculitis, coagulopathies, hypo- and vitamin deficiency with vitamin deficiency. K, S.
  • Hormonal changes or disruptions during puberty, menopause or pregnancy.
  • Taking blood thinning medications. Heparin, warfarin, and aspirin can cause nosebleeds.
  • Pheochromocytoma is a hormone-dependent tumor of the adrenal gland of a malignant or benign nature. Its main symptom is arterial hypertension with frequent crises, during which nosebleeds are possible. The stable form of the disease is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure and, accordingly, frequent episodes of nosebleeds.
  • Malignant neoplasm in the nasal cavity. Various cancerous tumors lead to ulceration of the mucous membrane, impaired nasal breathing, and bleeding.
  • Barometric pressure difference. This is what divers, climbers or pilots encounter.

Why does the nose bleed - for other reasons:

  • Inhalation of chemical irritants.
  • Air travel.
  • Intense sneezing.

Causes in children

Why do babies have nosebleeds? There are many factors, just like in adults. Very common:

  1. Foreign body in the nasal passage.
  2. Fall with damage to the nose.
  3. Mechanical injury with a slimy toy or finger.

The cause of nosebleeds in children at night may be increased pressure or dry air in the room. If this is an isolated case, the bleeding is easy to stop, and there are no other symptoms, then there is no cause for concern. If bleeding occurs repeatedly, does not stop well, the child complains of weakness, various pains, then you should definitely contact a pediatrician and be examined. In such cases, nosebleeds may be due to a serious illness, such as anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, or another disease associated with poor blood clotting.

When is nosebleed one-time and when is it periodic?

Single nosebleed

  1. Injury to the mucous membrane by a foreign object, which is especially typical for young children.
  2. Severe fatigue or stress.
  3. Fever due to acute respiratory infection or other infection.
  4. Overheating of the body during a visit to a bathhouse, sauna, or prolonged exposure to the sun.

If a child develops nosebleeds after using drops with a vasoconstrictor effect, you should stop using them. The mucous membrane is so dry that the nasal capillaries burst.

Single bleeding without massive blood loss is usually not dangerous. But if the episodes are repeated many times, you should be wary and be sure to consult a specialist.

Signal bleeding deserves special attention. It begins suddenly and ends quickly, but the blood loss is significant, and the color of the blood may be unusual - dark, coagulated with flakes and large clots, or red foamy. This may indicate an aneurysm, rupture of a large vessel, disintegration of a malignant neoplasm, pulmonary, gastric bleeding, etc.

Causes of periodic nosebleeds

If blood flows systematically and is accompanied by other symptoms - uterine bleeding, bleeding gums, bruising, fever, joint pain, you should be wary and be sure to first consult with an ENT doctor or therapist. You may have a systemic or malignant disease, such as anemia, pheochromocytoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia, etc.

Hypertensive patients prone to nosebleeds usually themselves note that blood flows from the nose during a hypertensive crisis. After the pressure normalizes, it stops.

If you cannot stop the child’s bleeding on your own, and there are bruises in different parts of the body, then you should immediately call an ambulance, and then undergo an examination to rule out hemophilia.

If cases of nosebleeds recur, last longer than 20 minutes, or if there are accompanying symptoms, you should definitely visit a specialist to find out and eliminate the cause of the pathological condition.

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An adult is bleeding from the nose: reasons, what to do

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is enriched with a network of capillaries, damage to which causes hemorrhage. The phenomenon is pathological in nature and sometimes acts as a sign of a disease in the body, rather than an independent symptom. If in children nosebleeds can be caused by irritation of the internal nasal membrane with fingers, then in adults there are several reasons for this unpleasant situation. However, regularly recurring episodes of hemorrhage should be a reason to consult a doctor.

An adult often bleeds from the nose: reasons

Bleeding is not fatal, but it allows you to identify a health problem at an early stage, since it is a fairly pronounced sign. Factors that can cause a hemorrhagic phenomenon are divided into local (local) and systemic (general). The first category includes:

  • Mechanical damage to the nasal septum (more often in the gym).
  • Congenital deformations of the anatomical structure of the nasal cavity.
  • Postponed surgical or diagnostic procedures.
  • Inhalation of drugs or chemical vapors.
  • Dry air - especially in winter.

Bleeding is often provoked by acute inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity that occur in the latent period.

General predisposing factors include diseases that do not involve mechanical disruption of the integrity of the mucous membrane:

  • Deficiency of vitamins in the body (usually vitamin C).
  • Problems with blood clotting and diseases in which this occurs (mainly of an oncological nature).
  • Hormonal imbalance.
  • High blood pressure level.
  • Prolonged exposure to the sun.
  • Physical overexertion.
  • A sharp decrease in blood pressure.
  • Severe anemia.
  • Diseases of infectious origin, accompanied by hyperthermia and persistent intoxication.

Taking anticoagulants can lead to the development of nosebleeds. Often the condition is caused by a traumatic brain injury, when a hemorrhagic sign indicates a fracture of the base of the skull.

What are the signs of nasal bleeding?

There are no warning signs. The condition occurs suddenly, a stream of blood can be released from one nostril or from both at the same time, which allows the bleeding to be classified as unilateral or bilateral. Based on the volume of blood loss, there are four stages of hemorrhage: from moderate to profuse (blood excreted over 500 ml).

If the pathological phenomenon is insignificant, then the patient’s well-being will remain without significant changes.

With more massive blood loss, a decrease in blood pressure occurs, the skin becomes pale, covered with perspiration, weakness and the need to take a horizontal position, and dizziness are noted. If a person is in an incorrect position, blood is not able to flow out of the respiratory canal and flows down the back wall of the pharynx. If the mass enters the stomach, it causes vomiting.

Hemorrhagic shock causes prolonged bleeding, which results in tachycardia and a decrease in blood pressure to critical levels. This condition should warrant hospitalization. You should also seek emergency help for regular nosebleeds, if the hemorrhage cannot be stopped, or when it comes to a traumatic brain injury, accompanied by the so-called “glasses” syndrome (blueness around the eyes) in combination with nasal bleeding.

Treatment of frequent nosebleeds in adults

First aid consists of ensuring psychological and physical rest for the patient and performing anterior nasal tamponade.

  • With his head tilted forward, you need to moisten a pre-rolled piece of bandage or gauze with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, and then tightly block the respiratory canal with the manufactured device. There is no need to ask the patient to throw his head back - this mistake will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, increased dizziness, and fainting. The stream of blood will be reflexively swallowed and, reaching the stomach, provoke the urge to vomit.
  • You need to apply cold to the bridge of your nose - an ice pack or a napkin moistened with cold water. If a person’s condition allows, he can independently pinch the wings of his nose.
  • Sometimes the problem cannot be eliminated only in the scope of first aid - then you should call a doctor, and measure your blood pressure and temperature before the doctors arrive.

If the patient's condition is assessed as moderate or severe, he is hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Treatment for nosebleeds depends on the underlying cause.

Diagnostics is carried out in two directions - laboratory and instrumental. Laboratory diagnostics are aimed at determining the rate of blood clotting, hemoglobin levels and excluding anemia.

Instrumental examination boils down to rhinoscopy and pharyngoscopy - methods will make sure that the lesion is not the throat or ear.

If bleeding occurs as a result of a traumatic brain injury that causes a fracture of the skull bones, hospitalization occurs in the neurosurgery department, where emergency surgery and active infusion therapy are performed. In the postoperative period, oxygen therapy and monitoring of vital signs are performed.

Bleeding caused by a lack of ascorbic acid is prevented by administering vitamin C in a 5% glucose solution infusion or by administering ascorutin. Nutrition is also adjusted: consumption of citrus fruits and apples is recommended.

If the cause of the unpleasant condition is anemia, low hemoglobin levels are increased with iron supplements, administered intramuscularly on a daily basis. It is also important to review the diet in favor of beef liver, buckwheat, pomegranates, dried apricots, spinach and soy.

Bleeding that develops as a result of an oncological lesion or a course of chemotherapy should be assessed by an oncologist: it may be necessary to review the prescriptions or adjust the dosage of the drugs in the main therapeutic program.

High blood pressure can be treated with an antihypertensive drug tablet placed under the tongue. If the drug does not bring a positive effect, a solution of dibazole and papaverine is injected intramuscularly. In cases where blood pressure has reached a critical level, a solution of magnesium sulfate is administered intravenously. Hospitalization is not required in all clinical cases.

The need for replacement therapy is a rare case: indirect blood transfusion is performed only in case of profuse bleeding, which is accompanied by hemorrhagic shock.

After recovery occurs, you should give up bad habits, limit yourself from nervous strain and stick to a healthy diet. It is not recommended to irritate the nasal membrane, reduce sleep duration, or exercise in the gym without special protective equipment.

It is possible that you will have to visit the doctor on a regular basis - this will avoid a sudden deterioration in health and eliminate the underlying disease that caused the nosebleed.

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What to do if your nose bleeds: causes and consequences

Nosebleeds are usually frightening and take you by surprise. Even a few falling scarlet drops cause concern, and if blood is gushing out of your nose, you won’t be confused for long. Knowing why a nose bleeds and how to act to stop it will help you avoid panic and competently help the victim.

Causes of nosebleeds

Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is a common and familiar phenomenon to everyone. There are many reasons for it - from fairly harmless to serious, but what they all have in common is the effect on the blood vessels: they become fragile, burst, which is why the nose bleeds.

Nosebleeds in adults

All causes of epistaxis in adults are divided into:

  1. Local – appear locally and affect only the nose
  2. Systemic – appear due to internal influence and affect the body completely.

Local reasons

Local factors for the occurrence of nosebleeds:

  1. Injury - blows, falls
  2. Entry of foreign bodies
  3. Sharp blowing of the nose, damage to the mucous membrane with nails
  4. Dry indoor air
  5. Inflammatory diseases. With rhinitis, sinusitis, and sinusitis, crusts form in the nose, injuring the mucous membrane, and light bleeding occurs
  6. Allergy - blood vessels burst due to blood flow
  7. Use of steroid and hormonal nasal sprays
  8. Nasal cartilage deformities
  9. Atrophied mucosa
  10. The appearance of tumors
  11. Inhalation of narcotic powders (cocaine is especially dangerous)
  12. Surgeries – plastic and after injuries.

System

Epistaxis occurs for the following systemic reasons:

  1. Disturbances in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels
  2. Increased pressure
  3. Vegetative-vascular dystonia
  4. Diseases of the blood with impaired coagulation
  5. Taking blood thinning medications
  6. Reduced elasticity of connective tissue and blood vessels due to lack of vitamins C, PP and K
  7. Alcohol abuse
  8. Overheating in the sun, fever
  9. Barotrauma - sudden changes in pressure at height or depth
  10. Hormonal imbalances - during adolescence, pregnancy, menopause
  11. Overwork, lack of sleep, stress
  12. Hereditary fragility of blood vessels.

In many cases, nosebleeds appear against the background of headaches, tinnitus, and dizziness.

Nose bleeds in the morning

Epistaxis in the morning, rather than during the day, is more often observed in men. The reasons are deviated septum due to injury or vascular atrophy due to overwork, smoking, and harmful working conditions.

More serious problems are also possible - nasal polyps, systemic blood diseases, therefore, if there is constant bleeding in the morning, especially with pain, consultation with a specialist is advisable.

Nosebleeds during pregnancy

During pregnancy, under the influence of hormones, the total volume of blood in the body increases and the load on the heart and blood vessels increases.

In a woman in an “interesting position,” the nasal mucosa becomes thinner and brittle, and pressure may increase—as a result, blood flows from the nose. This must be reported to the supervising doctor - monitoring is necessary, high blood pressure is dangerous for the fetus.

After childbirth, everything usually returns to normal.

Nosebleeds in children

Why does nose bleed in children?

  1. Age-related immaturity of blood vessels and mucous membranes
  2. Dry and crusty nose due to suffocating air
  3. Injury - blows, picking off crusts with a fingernail
  4. Ingestion of foreign bodies - a child can insert a small toy, button, bead, or pea into the nostril
  5. The use of vasoconstrictor sprays and drops
  6. Straining when sneezing or coughing
  7. Polyps and tumors in the nose
  8. Anomalies of the nasal septum
  9. Vitamin deficiencies
  10. Anemia
  11. Increased pressure
  12. Diseases caused by viruses and bacteria
  13. Pathologies affecting blood clotting and vascular permeability
  14. Hormonal surges during puberty.

Is nosebleed dangerous?

Typically, epistaxis is a frightening, spectacular, but relatively safe for health phenomenon. It develops when blood vessels are damaged spontaneously or due to injury.

Nosebleeds happen:

  • Anterior - localized in the anterior-lower part of the nasal septum, occurs in 90-95% of cases. Blood drips or flows in a weak trickle, stops quickly
  • Posterior – occurring in the middle and posterior sections of the nasal cavity. It is observed much less frequently, but requires mandatory medical attention: blood flows in a stream, it is difficult to stop it, and vomiting of blood is possible if it is swallowed.

The danger is heavy or prolonged bleeding. Dizziness, weakness, pallor, flashing spots appear, cold sweat appears, the pulse weakens and quickens, the patient may lose consciousness. If such symptoms appear, you should not hesitate - you need urgent medical help. If blood pours from the nose every day, a headache appears, a medical consultation is also necessary.

How to stop nosebleeds

If the bleeding occurs spontaneously, in one half of the nose, the blood flows out weakly, there is no pain, then it usually stops quickly and is not dangerous to health. Severe or prolonged bleeding requires medical intervention.

Independent actions

In most cases, you can handle the problem yourself. What to do if your nose bleeds:

  1. Provide the patient with a state of rest in a semi-sitting position
  2. You should spread your legs and lean forward slightly so that the blood flows freely
  3. Ensure free access of air - unfasten the belt, tight collar, bra
  4. You need to apply cold to the bridge of your nose - a wet napkin, ice
  5. Blood that enters the nasopharynx should be spat out
  6. If the blood flows weakly, you can slightly press the wings of the nose and hold for 5-7 minutes until the bleeding stops - when squeezed, the blood flow will slow down, a clot will form and block the damaged vessel
  7. If the bleeding is severe, cotton swabs should be soaked in hydrogen peroxide or vasoconstrictor drops and inserted into the nasal passages
  8. When bleeding due to dry crusts in the nose, they need to be softened by lubricating the nostrils with Vaseline or sunflower oil
  9. If bleeding is due to overheating, the victim should be moved to the shade and a cold compress applied to the nose. Heat stroke will require hospitalization
  10. If you lose consciousness, the patient should be placed on his back with his head turned to the side and doctors should be called.

What NOT to do:

  1. Throwing your head back - this leads to blood flowing into the throat and vomiting
  2. Bend over too much - this will increase bleeding
  3. Blowing your nose prevents a blood clot from clogging the injured vessel.
  4. Lie down horizontally with your head turned to the side.

If a child’s nose bleeds or pain occurs, there is no need to panic, scaring the baby. You need to act in the same way as when providing assistance to adults, but call doctors after 10 minutes if the bleeding has not stopped, and after 5 minutes if there is severe bleeding.

Folk remedies for nosebleeds

It is possible to stop nosebleeds with the help of herbal recipes:
  1. Soak cotton swabs in nettle juice and insert them into the nasal passages
  2. Grind fresh yarrow, soak tampons in the juice and insert into the nostrils
  3. Boil viburnum bark (10g per glass of water), leave, moisten the tampons and insert them into the nose.

When you need medical help

You should urgently call an ambulance if it is impossible to stop the nosebleed on your own, it lasts for more minutes in adults or becomes stronger, pallor, chills, severe pain, numbness of the limbs or loss of consciousness appear.

Doctors' help is also needed if:

  1. There is pain, swelling, a deformed bone, there is a suspicion of a nasal fracture
  2. Bleeding is accompanied by headache, blurred vision, and dizziness.
  3. Bleeding after taking blood thinners or hormonal medications
  4. There may be a foreign body in the child's nose.

Until the doctors arrive, the patient needs to be kept at rest.

Preventing nosebleeds

If adults or children often have nosebleeds, bruises appear on the body, bleeding gums or a headache, it is imperative to establish the exact cause of the pathology.

First of all, you should contact an ENT specialist. To establish the causes of the problem, the specialist will examine the nasal cavity - there may be foreign bodies, polyps, neoplasms, and will prescribe a blood test to determine its coagulability and platelet count.

It is also advisable to seek advice from an endocrinologist, immunologist, hematologist, or oncologist. Specialists will conduct diagnostic tests and prescribe the necessary course of treatment.

To prevent bleeding in adults and children over 3 years of age, use ascorutin (a complex drug with vitamins C and P) in prophylactic doses specified in the instructions.

You can strengthen the delicate surface of the mucous membrane with massage. Every day, morning and evening:

  1. Use your thumb knuckles to tap the center of the bridge of your nose.
  2. Using the pads of your index fingers, stroke the nasal mucosa at its base with rotational movements.
  3. Tap the wings of the nose - lightly at first, then gradually increase the pressure
  4. At the end of the procedure, lubricate the nasal mucosa with Vaseline.

Breathing exercises have an excellent strengthening effect. You should inhale and exhale forcefully several times, then repeat the exercise, alternately pinching your nostrils. After this, inhale alternately with pinched nostrils, holding the air as you inhale for 5 seconds.

It is very useful to rinse the nose with solutions of sea salt, soda, iodine, and herbal infusions, especially chamomile.

You should also constantly:

  • Eat well and rest
  • Maintain comfortable humidity in living areas, especially children's rooms - 60-70%
  • Make sure that children do not put their fingers or small objects into their noses.
  • Infants should wear anti-scratch mittens.

The causes of most episodes of epistaxis can be easily identified and eliminated, but they can also be a symptom of serious illnesses or a consequence of neglect of one’s health. Situations are dangerous when blood spurts from the nose; this is accompanied by pain and general weakness - this requires urgent medical attention. If bleeding constantly recurs, you also cannot do without a visit to the doctor. Pay attention to your body's signals and be healthy!

Source: http://lekhar.ru/simptomy/nos/krov-iz-nosa/

Why does my nose often bleed?

Nosebleeds are an unpleasant phenomenon! It often occurs in adults. Few people think about the nature of the origin of secretions. Doctors say it is important to understand the reason why nosebleeds occur frequently or periodically. This knowledge will help you get rid of discomfort and diseases that are hidden behind primitive secretions. Few people know why nosebleeds can occur frequently in adults of different ages. Known causes for this phenomenon will be listed below.

Diseases of the internal organs cause frequent nosebleeds throughout the day. Only an experienced doctor can make an accurate diagnosis. The doctor will draw his conclusions after examining the patient and receiving test results.

Nosebleeds happen for a variety of reasons.

The amount of discharge may vary. Doctors say that minor nosebleeds are considered natural. It appears due to mechanical damage. Whereas heavy, frequent bleeding indicates the presence of serious problems. Such manifestations are a reason to consult a doctor.

Sometimes nosebleeds in adults cause weakness, dizziness, and increased heart rate. The reason is increased blood pressure, excessive fatigue. Occasional manifestations are acceptable, especially during hot weather.

There is no need to panic when your nose bleeds periodically. But heavy fluid loss needs to be studied. They lead to hemorrhagic shock due to a spontaneous drop in blood pressure. The patient often feels a headache, aches in the internal organs due to poor circulation, and even memory loss.

Frequent nosebleeds can be local or local (caused by mechanical damage to the walls of the nasal passages).

A detailed study of the tests and an external examination will help you understand why such a reaction occurred. Local blood loss is dangerous. It indicates the presence of a disease in the human body. There are more than 10 reasons why your nose bleeds. Mechanical injury or blood pressure problems are obvious.

Bleeding from the nose often: frivolous reasons

Damage to blood vessels is accompanied by discharge. Many people have experienced nosebleeds for unknown reasons. Any injury can disrupt the integrity of blood vessels. However, not only mechanical damage provokes this condition. Malfunctions of the body in an adult are often accompanied by blood loss. They can be minor, appearing seasonally:

  • overwork, excessive physical activity. This is why nosebleeds often occur spontaneously, accompanied by dizziness and temporal pain. Therapists advise taking a vacation or giving up sports for a while. Why does blood appear due to overwork? Most likely there is a sharp jump in pressure, which destroys the integrity of the blood vessels;
  • overheating or sunstroke - this phenomenon occurs in the summer. Many people are interested in why they often feel dizzy and bleed from the nasal passages while relaxing by the sea? The real reason is rising air temperatures. This causes drying of the mucous membrane and fragility of blood vessels. If integrity is violated, blood is released. Therefore, doctors recommend staying in the shade and wearing brimmed hats;
  • prolonged exposure to frost or indoors with dry air. This causes mechanical damage to blood vessels.

If a person is going to go to the beach or go out into the cold, then he should think about his health. Fragile nasal vessels are the main reason why blood can be released spontaneously. Such people should always keep a handkerchief or wet wipes at hand.

Constant nosebleeds should be a concern

Body malfunctions provoke the release of red fluid from the nasal passages. What is the matter, only a doctor can say. Blood can't flow just like that. The main reasons that can cause constant discharge:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension) - most often blood loss occurs in the morning, upon awakening;
  • rhinitis, sinusitis or pharyngitis - any inflammatory processes with purulent formations weaken the walls of blood vessels. They become brittle and vulnerable. Blood flows only during periods of chronic inflammation if preventive measures are not taken;
  • papillomas on the mucous membrane of the nasal passages are malignant formations that occur against the background of severe viral inflammation. It causes nosebleeds every day, the reasons for which are unknown for a long time. Patients turn to doctors when breathing becomes difficult and unpleasant pain appears;
  • vegetative-vascular dystonia – malaise is accompanied by tinnitus, severe headaches;
  • atherosclerosis – manifests itself in the loss of elasticity of blood vessels. The disease is typical for older people. Sometimes it develops against the background of an unhealthy lifestyle and abuse of alcohol and nicotine;
  • pheochromocytoma is a tumor in the adrenal gland. The neoplasm causes abundant production of the stress hormone, which causes dryness in the nasal cavity and partial blood loss. Without additional tests and a doctor’s visit, it is impossible to prescribe competent treatment;
  • vitamin C deficiency - this component takes an active part in the structure of the walls of blood vessels. Its absence leads to brittleness and excessive nasal discharge;

All these diseases require careful monitoring by a doctor. Timely testing will help you get rid of an unpleasant illness that causes blood in the nose and headaches. The main thing is not to treat your body negligently.

My nose often bleeds: why?

From time to time, an otolaryngologist is consulted with symptoms that cause panic in the patient. Frequent bleeding is a cause for concern for adults. Does the patient constantly experience discomfort? This is a wake-up call! Even small drops of blood on a handkerchief should alert you if there is no mechanical damage.

Loss of integrity may cause a minor shock. But vigorous nose blowing or sneezing can also cause damage that causes blood to leak. Fluid losses are usually minor. But if they emit a stream of bright red color, then it is better to go to the hospital. This means the blood vessels are damaged.

Negligence can be fatal, especially when a person has poor clotting ability.

High blood pressure often provokes blood loss even at night. This is why hypertensive patients constantly use devices to measure it. Controlling your blood pressure allows you to take your medication in a timely manner and get rid of headaches and fragility of blood vessels.

Tumor formations often provoke the discharge of red fluid. In this case, the patient does not feel other symptoms. The only thing that bothers him is excessive dryness of the nasal passage during the daytime. Only a thorough examination will help you understand why the discharge occurs and what treatment to choose.

Frequent nosebleeds - a call to action

The human body is a unique biological mechanism. Any pathology is manifested by pain, discomfort or blood loss. The nose is an important organ. It is necessary for the functioning of the respiratory system. Therefore, it is natural that if an adult tries to find out why the nose is bleeding, it often bleeds.

Blood loss should not cause panic, especially if it occurs after injury. Violation of the integrity of blood vessels is always accompanied by this phenomenon. Nasal sensitivity can lead to considerable discomfort. Such people have to avoid rooms with dry air, prolonged exposure to the sun and severe frosts. Nosebleeds will no longer cause negative emotions if you know exactly why it appears.

This is often an indicator of a serious illness. It is better not to delay visiting a specialist. A doctor's examination will help determine the causes of frequent nosebleeds. Self-medication can aggravate the patient’s situation, especially if the discharge appears frequently in copious amounts.

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