Good antiviral remedy for flu

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Review of the 6 best antiviral drugs for influenza

Every year, residents of our country spend more than thirty billion rubles on antiviral drugs for colds and flu. Some choose an effective medicine based on the pharmacist’s recommendations, others based on bright advertising, price, beautiful packaging, advice from a friend or neighbor, while others do the right thing and go to the doctor.

Table of contents:

I want to present you with a list of the most popular and effective antiviral drugs. And also familiarize you with the features of each flu remedy. Antiviral drugs for the flu will quickly get you back on your feet.

All anti-flu drugs, depending on their mechanism of action, can be divided into the following groups:

  1. vaccine preparations that stimulate the production of antibodies to influenza pathogens;
  2. drugs that increase the body's protective properties by activating the production of interferon;
  3. true antiviral drugs that suppress the replication of the virus by inactivating neuromidase (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) and those that block the M2 channels of the viral cell (Amantadine, Remantadine).

Effective remedies for influenza and acute respiratory viral infections are new drugs that have not been on the market for more years. Their “young age” is explained by long-term testing before they went on sale. We bring to your attention a list of medications that includes the best drugs for influenza and ARVI:

Ingavirin

Ingavirin is an effective medicine against influenza, ARVI and other diseases of viral etiology. Ingavirin, although a new medicine, has already earned good reviews from those who have tried it for the treatment and prevention of influenza.

The basis of the drug vitaglutam or imidazolylethanamide is pentanedionic acid.

Mechanism of action. The drug has antiviral, immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory effects.

Ingavirin has a detrimental effect on adenovirus infection, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus. Activates the production of interferons and cytotoxic lymphocytes (T-killers) in the body. Vitaglutam inhibits the reproduction of the virus at the stage of nuclear formation.

By reducing the production of inflammatory proteins, the drug relieves inflammation.

Ingavirin perfectly relieves intoxication symptoms, catarrhal symptoms, and leads to a rapid normalization of body temperature.

Side effects rarely occur in the form of mild allergic reactions.

The drug is not used in cases of hypersensitivity to its components and in children.

This medicine for the influenza virus is not recommended for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, since its effect in such cases has not been studied.

Ingavirin is capsules for oral administration of 60 mg and 90 mg. Average price in Russia:

  • Ingavirin 60 mg, 7 capsules – 380 rubles;
  • Ingavirin 90 mg, 7 capsules – 480 rubles.

Arbidol

Arbidol is a good medicine for influenza and ARVI, which consists of umifenovir and excipients.

Mechanism of action: Arbidol tablets have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Umifenovir copes well with influenza A and B viruses and coronaviruses associated with severe respiratory syndrome by blocking the fusion of the fatty membrane of the viral cell with the cell membrane. Increases the production of interferons, immune cells, enhances the activity of phagocytes.

The drug is well tolerated by patients. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur.

The drug is not used in cases of hypersensitivity to its components and in children under three years of age.

There are no data on the use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation.

Arbidol does not affect the speed of physical and mental reactions, therefore it can be used in patients whose activities require increased attention.

Arbidol is available in the form of tablets of 50 mg, capsules of 100 mg, 200 mg, powder for suspension 25 mg/5 ml bottle 37 g,

Average price in Russia:

  • Arbidol 50 mg, 10 tablets – 180 rubles;
  • Arbidol 100 mg, 10 capsules – 250 rubles;
  • Arbidol Maximum 200 mg, 10 capsules – 500 rubles;
  • Arbidol powder for suspension 25 mg/5 ml bottle 37 g – 300 rubles.

Tamiflu

Tamiflu is the most effective medicine against swine flu and influenza B. Tamiflu consists of oseltamivir and excipients.

The drug is widely used for the prevention and treatment of swine flu and other serotypes of influenza A and B.

Mechanism of action: a drug with a pronounced antiviral effect on influenza A and B viruses. Tamiflu acts directly on the virus by inhibiting neuromidase, without which the virus cannot spread throughout the body and multiply.

The drug effectively reduces the intensity of influenza symptoms and the risk of complications, shortens the contagious period. When using the drug to prevent influenza, 90% of people who take Tamiflu do not get sick.

Resistance does not develop to Tamiflu.

The drug is not used in case of hypersensitivity to its components and in case of renal failure.

During pregnancy and lactation, Tamiflu is prescribed with caution when the expected effect outweighs the risk of adverse reactions and fetal pathology.

Side effects of the drug:

  • dyspepsia: nausea and vomiting are observed after taking the first dose. With further use, dyspepsia goes away;
  • very rare: diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, cramps, cough, insomnia, malaise, nosebleeds, decreased hearing, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, urticaria, bronchitis, sinusitis, swollen lymph nodes.

Note! Some patients who took Tamiflu to prevent or treat influenza experienced seizures and delirium-type disturbances. The reason for such reactions could not be found out.

Tamiflu is available in the form of capsules of 30 mg, 45 mg, 75 mg and powder for suspension 12 mg/1 ml.

Average price in Russia:

  • Tamiflu capsules 75 mg 10 pcs. – 1360 rubles;
  • Tamiflu powder for suspension 12 mg/1 ml bottle 30 g – 1140 rubles.

Relenza

Relenza and Tamiflu are antiviral drugs for influenza A and B. The active ingredient of the drug is Zanamivir. Relenza is available as a powder for inhalation through Diskhaler.

Mechanism of action: the drug has a pronounced antiviral effect on influenza A and B viruses. Zanamivir acts selectively on the virus by inhibiting neuromidase, without which the virus cannot spread throughout the body and multiply.

The drug effectively reduces the intensity of influenza symptoms, reduces the risk of complications and shortens the contagious period. Resistance does not develop to Relenza.

The drug is not used in case of hypersensitivity to its components. Patients with a history of bronchospasm require careful monitoring when treated with Relenza.

During pregnancy, it is not recommended to take Relenza in the first trimester. The drug is prescribed to pregnant and nursing mothers with caution when the expected effect outweighs the risk of adverse reactions and fetal pathology.

Side effects of the drug:

  • allergic reactions: urticaria, angioedema, rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
  • bronchospasm;

Note! Some patients who inhaled Relenza to treat influenza experienced bronchospasm and breathing problems. If you have asthma or chronic bronchitis while using Relenza, have an inhaler containing Salbutamol or another bronchodilator on hand.

Average price in Russia:

  • Relenza 20 doses with Dishaler. – 1200 rubles.

Remantadine

Rimantadine is an old, proven remedy for the prevention and treatment of influenza and GRVI and tick-borne encephalitis based on rimantadine.

Mechanism of action of the drug. The drug has an antiviral effect. Remantadine is a derivative of amantadine (an anti-Parkinsonian drug) that stops the process of viral reproduction. The drug is effective at the onset of the disease.

Remantadine is contraindicated for persons with acute liver pathology, acute and chronic kidney disease, thyrotoxicosis, or hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Remantadine is not prescribed for pregnant women.

  • impaired attention and concentration, sleep disturbance, headaches, dizziness, irritability, fatigue;
  • dry mouth, refusal to eat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Attention! The drug is prescribed with caution to people with hypertension and the elderly, as it increases the risk of stroke.

Remantadine is available in the form of 50 mg tablets and 100 mg capsules.

Average price in Russia:

  • Remantadine 50 mg, tablets 20 pcs. – 205 rubles;
  • Remantadine 100 mg, capsules 10 pcs. – 160 rubles;

Amiksin

Amiksin, like the above-mentioned drugs for influenza and ARVI, is widely used for their treatment and prevention. The basis of Amiksin is Tiloron.

Mechanism of action. Amiksin has good antiviral and immune-modulating effects by increasing the formation of interferons by intestinal cells, liver, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils. The drug also suppresses the reproduction of the virus by stopping the translation of viral proteins. Amiksin is active against influenza viruses, hepatitis A, B, C, herpes, cytomegaloviruses,

The drug is not used in cases of hypersensitivity to its components, in children under seven years of age, in pregnant and nursing mothers.

Adverse reactions rarely occur in the form of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and allergic manifestations.

Amiksin is produced in the form of film-coated tablets of 60 mg and 125 mg.

Average price in Russia:

  • Amiksin 60 mg, 10 tablets – 600 rubles;
  • Amiksin 125 mg, 6 tablets – 700 rubles.

Antiviral drugs should only be taken after consulting a doctor. Only he will be able to choose an effective and safe drug for you, taking into account your age, severity of the disease and concomitant pathology. Self-medication can harm your body.

Influenza A (H1N1): symptoms, treatment, prevention

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17 comments on the article “Review of the 6 best antiviral drugs for the flu”

I tried a lot of medications in the winter when I got the flu, but the best one for me in terms of price and result ratio was Ingavirin.

Honestly, of all the drugs listed, I only know Amiksin from two opposite sides. My husband takes it and everything is fine, it helps him, but my friend’s kidneys are failing. So, you should first consult a doctor, because... serious medications.

I try not to use medications. To do this, I simply get vaccinated before the flu season begins. I've been fighting the flu like this for years now.

You are not fighting the flu, but your immunity, watch the videos of virologist G.P. Chervonskaya and D.M. n. Cyrillic G.B.. maybe what’s in your head about vaccines will become clearer...

This list does not include Influcid, which I have been treating with for quite some time. It’s made from natural ingredients, I personally didn’t have any side effects. What you need against influenza and ARVI. Eliminates both headaches and aches. The period of sick leave is reduced by 2-3 days. Overall, I am completely satisfied with Influcid.

And I like Influcid as a prophylactic agent. Ten days of taking 15 drops three times a day, and now I’m going through the third season without any problems. I try to take a preventive course at the end of October or beginning of November - before widespread coughing has yet begun. So, as for me, it’s more reliable.

Thank you for the article. I'll keep it on mind.

The best thing is Tamiflu

As for me, the review is not entirely complete. Influcid, for me, is the best remedy for ARVI and influenza. I have already overcome more than one cold and I always recommend it to my friends who are sick. So far everyone says thank you for the quick and trouble-free treatment.

I would like to contact the author of the article and ask him about his competence. Let him read reference books!! All the drugs described are complete profanation!!

Ergoferon suits me best of all the antiviral drugs. It has good components, has an effect on the immune system, acts as an anti-inflammatory and antihistamine. Because of this, in addition to full treatment, you feel better during illness. I recover quickly with it and manage without complications.

Anaferon undermines the liver in my opinion, everything started to hurt immediately after taking the pill. My liver is fine, but I am now allergic to this medicine. Previously, he was also treated with it on the advice of a therapist. There were no problems before, but now there are when taking it.

I try to strengthen my immune system with various herbs. I drink ginseng, linden, chamomile. But if I suddenly get sick, I take Ingavirin from the pharmacy. An excellent antiviral agent. If you take it on time, the disease will recede immediately.

I take Ingavirin for colds. It is convenient because you only need to drink it once a day for a week. The very next day I feel much better, the sore goes away completely in about five days, but I always finish the pack, just in case and so as not to waste the good stuff))

And we learned about Ingavirin from a neighbor. Mom got sick, temperature 37.5, runny nose, sore throat, weakness, she had a hard time with the virus, the temperature didn’t seem to be high, but she was lying down. A neighbor came to visit, I shared my sadness about my mother, and she told me about Ingavirin, I bought it, I had my doubts, but decided to try it. After 3 days of taking 1 capsule per day, my mom was flying like a bird. In my opinion the best remedy!

And we learned about Ingavirin from a neighbor. My mother got sick, her temperature was 37.5 - it didn’t seem to be high, but she was lying down. A neighbor came to visit, she told me about Ingavirin, I bought it, I had my doubts, but decided to try it. After 3 days of taking it, my mommy was flying like a bird. In my opinion the best remedy!

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What medicine for flu and colds is better and more effective?

According to statistics, during the cold season, each person manages to catch a cold one to three times. Therefore, a large amount of money is spent on drugs of this series. When visiting a pharmacy, your eyes widen at the variety of products offered. It is very difficult to decide and choose the right treatment.

Treatment of influenza among colds is a separate item. Proper protection during an epidemic or the right actions in the event of an illness will help not only to recover quickly, but in some cases even save lives.

All diseases in this group are transmitted by airborne droplets and are therefore considered particularly contagious. Everyone who comes into contact with the patient during the acute period becomes ill. This is especially true for a permanent environment. If one person gets sick, everyone gets sick. Children and the elderly are the most sensitive.

  • Which remedy treats and which simply relieves symptoms?
  • Which drugs have strong side effects and which are safe?

We will choose the most effective ones, based on the advice of doctors and patients.

Flu medications - what you need to know about them

Colds are caused by viruses that settle and multiply in the respiratory tract. This group of diseases is otherwise called ARVI - a respiratory viral infection. They are provoked by different strains. To date, 200 species of such microorganisms have been described:

The last group includes 2000 microorganisms, which kill up to five hundred thousand people every year. The disease is accompanied by:

  • Temperature.
  • Body aches.
  • Runny nose.
  • Cough.
  • Tears.
  • Headache.
  • In some cases, photophobia.

Post-flu complications are the most unpleasant. They can touch any part of the body. The most common: bronchitis, pneumonia, arthritis, cystitis, otitis media, sinusitis. The most dangerous are: bilateral pneumonia and meningitis. Complications develop when the treatment is incorrectly prescribed, the disease is carried on the legs, or the immune system is reduced (when there are concomitant diseases).

It should be borne in mind that not all advertised drugs actually produce the desired effect. Often they are not clinically tested or are simply dietary supplements without any guarantee. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor before treatment, especially when it comes to prescriptions for young children. If you choose a drug yourself, make sure that it is an approved real remedy.

Groups of medications

Previously, doctors advised not to take medications when the flu occurs, but to make do with plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature and bed rest. However, the invasiveness of the latest strains of infection and the severe complications they can cause still encourage the use of specific drugs. They are divided into several groups:

The main antiviral drugs were invented not so long ago. They have been gaining momentum in use over the last twenty to thirty years. Therefore, it is too early to talk about delayed results and side effects. However, even without them, this category has serious unpleasant effects, especially regarding liver function.

There are also side effects to immune boosters. Excessive and uncontrolled intake of interferons subsequently provokes autoimmune diseases and tumors. It is better if these tablets and medicines are prescribed by an immunologist.

Vaccines

To understand how this group works, you need to understand the basic scheme of how the immune system works. When a foreign protein - viruses and bacteria - enters the body, the lymphocytes that encounter them read the information and trigger the synthesis of counteragents. Antibodies bind to the foreigner like a key to a lock, and then this bundle is neutralized by macrophages. The development of the disease depends on the speed of the immune apparatus. Often, while the body recognizes and synthesizes the necessary proteins, the virus manages to multiply to such numbers that the body can no longer absorb all pathogens.

The principle of vaccination is to introduce a strangled strain or crushed parts of the virus in advance so that the body prepares for an attack - creating enough antibodies. When viruses appear, no time is wasted on identifying and creating an antidote - antigens appear and are produced immediately. Therefore, the disease either does not develop at all or is easily tolerated and ends quickly.

To keep the body fully armed, for most bacilli, one to three times of vaccination over a lifetime is sufficient. The peculiarity of influenza vaccination is that there are a great many types of vibrios. Doctors are trying to use drugs with proteins from this season's strain. However, vaccination against one species does not guarantee complete protection.

The procedure is carried out at will. It is usually done in the fall. It is especially recommended to receive injections: doctors, teachers, schoolchildren, elderly people, students and military personnel. That is, all those who are constantly in contact with a large number of people or, due to age, are prone to a severe course of the disease.

Tested and working vaccines:

  • Influvac is trivalent, consisting of proteins from the surface of vibrio strains A and B. Their composition changes every year. Produced directly in syringes.
  • Grippol - bacillus antigens are introduced simultaneously with polyoxidonium, which increases the immune response. The substance attracts and retains viral particles, which allows for a stronger reaction.
  • Agrippal - external proteins to species A and B.
  • Fluvarix - inactivated virions - their internal and surface substances.

There are specific vaccines taken orally. This is a softer way to protect and develop immunity. The crushed lyophilisate of the most famous bacteria that cause respiratory infections is drunk in courses of 10 days for three months. Specific cells of the intestinal mucosa increase the production of antibodies to these pathogens. These means include: Broncho-Vaxom. Although the method does not protect against viral infections, it protects against complications from the flu and colds. This strengthening of the body is carried out annually before the cold season.

Antiviral

The most effective remedies for ARVI are on this list. The group is quite extensive. But all substances are divided into:

  • Directly suppressing the reproduction of the virus in one way or another: Rimantadine, Tamiflu, Ribaverin.
  • Combined, which additionally activate the synthesis of interferons: Arbidol, Ingavirin, Tsitovir, Kagocel, Groprinasin (Novirin), Amizon, Amiksin.

There is a basic rule for treating these medications: you should start taking them from the first hours of the development of the disease. In this case, relief of signs of infection occurs after one to three days. After five days of ARVI, it is not advisable to start using it. From the moment the symptoms disappear, treatment continues for another two days.

One of the first substances to combat a dangerous disease - it has been used since 1965. Helped against type A. The advantage is that it can be used for treatment and prevention. Relieves symptoms and prevents complications. The likelihood of suffering from pneumonia is reduced by 6 times. Considered slightly toxic. Used for children and adults. Sold in syrup, tablets of 50 and 100 mg. The cost is low - up to fifty rubles per package.

Today it is considered obsolete and according to studies conducted in the USA, almost all subtypes A are resistant to its influence. However, it is still used here.

Helps against a group of respiratory syncytial viruses - affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract. Also used for hepatitis B and C, rabies, hemorrhagic fevers, herpes, CMV, smallpox, mumps. Prevents bacilli from multiplying.

It has severe side effects on almost all systems and organs. The consequences associated with changes in blood composition are especially dangerous. Do not use after a heart attack, heart failure, anemia.

Effective for severe cases, such as swine flu. Especially for types A and B. Not suitable for ARVI. Developed in Switzerland in 1996. Inhibits pathogen enzymes. They cannot leave infected cells and settle in new ones. Therefore, the disease quickly stops and the need for antibiotics is eliminated. Used for adults and children from one year old. There are many reports of side effects. The main ones are headache, digestive disorders, vomiting.

It affects not only influenza, but also other types of virions - adeno, rota, rhino, pneumoviruses. It prevents virions from attaching to cell walls and, therefore, spreading throughout the body. At the same time, it increases the production of Interferon and increases the number of T cells for 48 hours. Reduces the severity and duration of the disease, protects against bacterial infection. Approved for children over two years old. Research on the product has not been completed yet. Information about effectiveness varies.

Three-component drug in capsules. Includes thymogen, bendazole and vitamin C. Used for the treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI. Stops the replication of pathogens, increases capillary permeability, acts as an antioxidant. Allowed from 12 years of age. Increases the body's resistance. Do not use for diabetes and ulcers.

It works in three directions: antiviral, immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory. The adenovirus and strains A and B win. It prevents the reproduction of vibrio DNA chains in the nuclei of cells. Additionally, it increases the activity of leukocytes and the number of NK-T cells that absorb virion particles. Stops the production of inflammatory cytokines. It has almost no contraindications or side effects. Non-toxic. Available in capsules.

Groprinosine and its analogues contain the substance inosine. It has a direct effect on bacilli, slowing down the replication of their genome, and activates the work of T-lymphocytes, the activity of macrophages, natural killer cells and the production of antibodies. Improves the lymphocyte formula. Shows activity against most known pathogenic viruses, from the common cold to measles and mumps. Works most effectively against herpes viruses, reducing the frequency of relapses. After taking it, improvements occur within one to two days. If you start treatment from the very first symptoms, fever and cough will not appear at all. Allowed for children from one year old. To relieve decreased immunity and herpetic infections, long-term use is allowed for up to 3-6 months in courses of 8-20 days, depending on the disease. A break of at least 8 days is required between individual episodes. Some studies do not confirm the effectiveness of the drug. However, users and immunologists praise this drug. Contraindications are urolithiasis and renal failure.

Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-influenza, tonic. Helps with respiratory diseases of the upper and lower tracts caused by vibrios, as well as with smallpox, mumps, measles, rubella. It disrupts the work of the pathogen's hemagglutinins, and it cannot merge with the cell membrane. Reduces inflammation by normalizing prostaglandin levels. Acts as an antioxidant and stabilizer of cell membranes. Affects the thermoregulatory brain centers and reticular pharmaceutics of the nerve trunk, reducing pain. After taking it, specific flu symptoms disappear and the temperature decreases. Increases the amount of protective proteins in the blood. It is prohibited for diseases of the thyroid gland associated with its hyperreactivity, as it contains iodine. Do not use in case of severe damage to the liver and kidneys. The most common side effect is a bitter taste in the mouth.

It acts in two ways - it increases the synthesis of α, β and γ protective proteins and stops the production of viral elements in the cell. In this case, the interferon-stimulating properties are more pronounced. A high concentration of interferona in the blood is observed after 4 hours! Helps against a wide range of pathogens. There is data reporting the effectiveness of the active substance - tilorone - against tumors. Tiloron is known only in the CIS countries and is not used abroad. The substance does not accumulate in the body. The drug is approved for children from seven years of age.

Interferons

These are specific proteins produced by leukocytes.

  • They affect human cells adjacent to the infected ones, stopping protein replication. This gives immunity to the virus.
  • Activate defense genes.
  • Cause death and absorption of infected cells.

With a sufficiently high level of these substances, a person can independently cope with most cold bacilli and do not get sick.

Table of antiviral drugs affecting Interferon levels

All protective proteins are divided into α, β and γ, but ready-made drugs are offered for sale containing only the α species. When they enter the body, they immediately enter the battle and even with low own immunity help to cope with the disease. It cannot be used for a long time, as the internal production of protective components is reduced.

Shows antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Stops the proliferation of all types of microbes. Enhances the phagocytic properties of macrophages that absorb infected cells and bacilli particles.

It can be used not only for a specific illness, but also for those who are often ill, after hypothermia, during periods of epidemics and high morbidity. Available in candles, ampoules and spray. Additionally, vitamins are included in the composition.

Interferon alfa-2b is combined with vitamins C and E, which enhance its activity. The candles are mixed using cocoa butter. Has the same properties as Laferobion. Thanks to it, fewer antibiotics and hormonal drugs are required. Allowed for pregnant, lactating and babies from birth, even premature babies.

The same alpha-2b, but for instillation into the nose. Builds a barrier against airborne infections, making cells not susceptible to parasites. The DNA of microorganisms cannot penetrate through the membranes and multiply.

Drugs that enhance the production of protective substances

Some plants and synthetic components cause the body to independently produce increased doses of Interferon. Such funds are necessary for people who have reduced protective functions, for example, children, the elderly, weakened after illness. They are used during periods of increased morbidity. This makes the course of the disease easier or helps you not get sick at all. However, it is not a medicine for influenza infection.

It works by enhancing the synthesis of late Interferons of all types. They are more active towards virions. Under the influence of the drug, an increased amount of proteins is observed within five days, which sets the drug apart from other drugs.

Acts on the production of early Interferons. The manufacturer indicates effectiveness against many types of infectious agents, but the FDA, WHO and the Commission for Combating Pseudoscience and Falsification of Scientific Research under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences oppose the use of homeopathic medicines. It is also noted that the principle of operation of the active substance, the antigen to interferon gamma, is unclear. However, the remedy is successfully used in pediatrics for general strengthening.

Contains concentrated herbal flavonoids. They inhibit the replication of microbes by suppressing their enzymes, protect mucous membranes, increase local immunity, and enhance the absorption and destruction of infected cells. Moreover, this effect has been confirmed both laboratory in vitro and according to analyzes - in vitro and in vivo. Hepatitis, herpes, influenza, AIDS, HPV - reduce their manifestations when treated with the drug.

Compared to other drugs, it does not suppress its own defenses and is not addictive. Can be used for a long time – up to six months. Used from birth. Allowed during pregnancy and lactation. The children's form in syrup is called Immunoflazid.

Homeopathic medicine using herbs, lactic acid and iron phosphate. Normalizes temperature, reduces inflammation, intoxication, increases nonspecific protective factors. However, doctors do not confirm its effectiveness for treatment, but only as a strengthening agent.

80% of immunity is concentrated in the intestines. This is where the cells that produce protective factors live. There are up to 1000 lymphocytes on every meter of intestine. The substances they release immediately neutralize dangerous guests that enter the body with water and food, and also enter the bloodstream and protect the entire body. The gastrointestinal tract is populated by microbes - there are up to 400 species of them. The most useful are lacto, bifidobacteria and enterococci. They line the intestines, protecting it from the penetration of pathogens, and also absorb them, creating an intolerable environment for dangerous agents. The joint work of defense and symbionts gives excellent results. Therefore, it is so important to maintain the balance of microflora so as not to get sick. For this purpose, compositions of living bacteria are used. They are available in sachets, drops and ampoules.

Flu medicines for children

In young children under 7 years of age, the production of protective proteins is reduced, so they often get sick. For them, various drugs are indicated in syrups, and for older children in tablets.

The most popular treatments include:

For preventive purposes the following is used:

Medicines for the symptomatic treatment of influenza

At the time of infection development, the most unpleasant symptoms are fever, aches, and headaches, which appear on the first day of the disease. While the immune system suppresses the infection and antiviral drugs work, drugs that relieve the disease will help get rid of the torment. They remove:

  • Pain.
  • Heat.
  • Reduces intoxication.
  • Reduce inflammation.
  • Supports the immune system.
  • Relieves runny nose and makes breathing easier.

Mainly produced in the form of sachets for preparing hot drinks. Most Popular:

  • Coldrex (paracetamol, phenylephrine, ascoribic acid).
  • Theraflu (paracetamol, phenylephrine, pheniramine).
  • Anfimax (rimantadine, ascorbic acid, paracetamol, an antiallergic component, as well as rutin and calcium, which reduce pain).
  • Rinza (phenylerine, pheniramine, paracetamol).

All products are similar in composition. Paracetamol is used as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory substance. Phenylephrine relieves swelling and reduces mucus production. Pheniramine acts as an antihistamine. Vitamin C boosts the immune response.

If you do not use complex drugs, then for treatment you may need antipyretics - aspirin, ibufen, as well as antiallergic drugs. The latter relieve swelling and tearing.

Source: http://fragmed.ru/virusnye-bolezni/kakoe-lekarstvo-ot-grippa-i-prostudy-luchshe-i-effektivnee.html

How to choose effective antiviral drugs for flu and colds

Antiviral drugs for influenza and ARVI are an essential component of effective therapy. They help strengthen the immune response to the pathogen, as well as reduce the activity of the virus. Thanks to this, recovery occurs much faster.

Antiviral drugs for influenza

Antiviral agents can be roughly divided into:

  • Vaccines;
  • Immunostimulants;
  • Antiviral drugs;
  • Homeopathic remedies.

Vaccines usually contain a weakened pathogen, due to which, after introduction into the body, an adequate response to the virus is developed.

Immunostimulants contain interferon or interferonogen, that is, substances that are produced by the immune system or provoke it to produce such antibodies on its own.

Antiviral drugs directly affect the pathogen and its aggression factors - neuramidase and hemagglutinin. Antiviral drugs are generally divided into three types:

  • Those that act directly on neuramidase;
  • Those that affect hemagglutinin;
  • Those that block M2 channels.

Popular cold remedies

Features of drugs depending on the strain

Different strains of influenza have their own structural characteristics. Considering that the influenza virus mutates from year to year, drugs of the same type can help in one case, but in the next turn out to be completely useless due to the changed structure of the virus. That is why new drugs should be used that are better suited to the flu strain.

Review of the most popular and effective means

The most popular and effective anti-flu remedies with antiviral effect:

How to choose the right antiviral agents:

What folk remedies can replace

Antiviral drugs can be replaced with folk remedies. The following are considered effective antiviral agents from the folk collection:

Recommendations for use

Even the best antiviral drugs show high effectiveness only if you start taking them on the first day from the onset of symptoms.

Otherwise, they will simply be ineffective, since with normal immunity the body independently produces antibodies after 2-3 days.

Is it worth taking for prevention?

There is no point in using antiviral drugs during epidemics, since they promote the production of antibodies in the body to the pathogen.

After vaccination

Vaccination itself is an antiviral measure. Therefore, the use of antiviral drugs will not bring additional benefit. Moreover, there is a risk of acquiring an autoimmune response of the body and developing side effects. The body will not produce more antibodies to the pathogen, regardless of the amount of antiviral drugs taken.

When cold medicines won't help

Antiviral drugs will not help treat other viral diseases:

Recommendations for use

The duration of use is usually determined by the doctor. But in general, a course of 4-7 days of treatment is sufficient, depending on the drug. In this case, a loading dose is taken for the first couple of days, and a reduced dosage for the remaining days.

Why antiviral drugs do not always help:

Reviews

Foreign experts are convinced that antiviral drugs are ineffective, especially when taken topically or orally. Only intravenous administration of drugs showed the greatest effectiveness.

As for the users, it all depended on which product was used. Many noted the effect of Arbidol, Tsitovir, Aflubin, Cycloferon. Positive effects on the body of adults and children. However, side effects did not occur during normal use according to the instructions.

What you need to know about antiviral drugs, says Dr. Komarovsky:

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Antivirals and cold and flu medications

There is probably not a single person who has not suffered from colds at least once in their life, at least in childhood. Therefore, there is no person who would not be concerned about the question of what to take for a cold.

Colds may have different names, but they are based on one reason - infection of various parts of the body and, in particular, the upper respiratory tract, by pathogens. These microorganisms are divided into two main categories – bacteria and viruses.

Treatment of acute respiratory diseases can be either symptomatic, aimed at alleviating the manifestations of the disease, or etiological, aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease. Fortunately, antibacterial drugs, or antibiotics, have long been used successfully to treat diseases caused by bacteria. But in the case of diseases caused by another group of infectious agents - viruses, the situation is not so favorable. And there are several reasons for this.

Respiratory diseases caused by viruses

What acute respiratory diseases are caused by viruses? These include, first of all, influenza and ARVI.

The term ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) refers to various infections caused by viruses that are not related to influenza. These viruses include:

  • adenoviruses,
  • rhinoviruses,
  • parainfluenza viruses,
  • coronaviruses,
  • respiratory syncytial viruses.

Respiratory symptoms are also characteristic of some other viral diseases:

However, they are not usually classified as viral respiratory diseases.

Symptoms of parainfluenza and ARVI

Symptoms of diseases caused by different types of viruses often differ little from each other. And it is usually possible to determine the type of disease only by identifying the type of pathogen, which is not always easy.

Typically, ARVI is characterized by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, high temperature (sometimes low-grade, below +38º C), sore throat, headaches, and frequent sneezing. Sometimes symptoms may be accompanied by signs of intoxication - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Most experts are of the opinion that when treating ARVI in people with normal immunity and not a weakened body for some reason, no antiviral drugs are needed. These diseases, with the right approach to their treatment, go away on their own and do not cause any complications. Therefore, treatment of these diseases is mainly symptomatic. The only exception is syncytial infection, which can be fatal in infants.

Treatment for diseases such as ARVI comes down mainly to bed rest, creating normal conditions for recovery - the absence of drafts and hypothermia. It is also necessary to drink a lot of liquid, always warm, for example, tea with lemon. Taking vitamins and antioxidants also helps with healing. To treat a runny nose, you can use anti-inflammatory or clearing nose drops; to treat the bronchi and throat, you can use inhalations based on herbal infusions that relieve inflammation. Good nutrition is also an important element of therapy.

Photo: Nestor Rizhniak/Shutterstock.com

Flu and its characteristic symptoms

Symptoms of influenza are often different from those of other viral respiratory diseases. However, this difference may not always manifest itself. Often, in the case of high immunity or a weakened type of virus, the symptoms of influenza are practically no different from the symptoms of ARVI. And, nevertheless, there are several main signs that you should pay attention to.

First of all, most varieties of influenza are characterized by a very high temperature, which can rise to +39.5 – +40ºС. The temperature usually rises to high levels in a short period of time. Thus, if the temperature is initially low-grade, and then, after a couple of days, rises to high values, then this most likely does not mean the presence of influenza, but some kind of secondary infection such as pneumonia.

Also, with the flu there is such a characteristic symptom as subtle pain in the muscles of the body, especially in the limbs (ache). This symptom can be characteristic both of the early stage of the disease, appearing several hours before the temperature rises, and for the period when the temperature has already risen. Respiratory symptoms with influenza are usually erased compared to ARVI. In most cases, with the flu there is no runny nose, but a severe cough may be present.

Influenza, unlike ARVI, is dangerous due to its complications affecting other organs - the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver. A severe form of influenza is very dangerous - toxic flu, in which death from intoxication of the body is possible.

Influenza is usually transmitted by airborne droplets, from sick to healthy people. The influenza virus is quite resistant to external influences and can persist in the external environment for a long time. The incubation period of the disease usually ranges from several hours to several days.

Experts believe that influenza most often manifests itself at ambient temperatures ranging from –5ºС to +5ºС. At these temperatures, the virus can persist for a long time. In addition, such a temperature regime helps dry out the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and makes them more susceptible to the virus.

There are several types of influenza virus. And not all drugs are able to affect all these types. Treatment of influenza is mainly symptomatic. Taking antiviral drugs for influenza is indicated in cases of severe disease, as well as in cases of weakened immunity. These can be both etiotropic drugs and drugs that stimulate the immune system. Thanks to their use, it is often possible to shorten the duration of the disease and avoid possible severe complications.

How does a viral disease develop?

Unlike diseases caused by bacteria, viruses that enter the body directly attack human cells. The virus is usually very simple. As a rule, it is a single DNA molecule, and sometimes a simpler RNA molecule containing genetic information. In addition, the virus also contains a shell of proteins. However, some types of viruses - viroids - may not have it either.

Viruses are able to integrate into the genetic apparatus of cells and reconfigure it to release their own copies. Viruses cannot reproduce without the help of cells from other organisms.

Structural features of viruses that cause ARVI and influenza

Most viruses included in this group are RNA viruses. The only exception is an adenovirus, which has a DNA molecule.

Influenza viruses are divided into three main serotypes - A, B, and C. Most often, diseases are caused by the first two types. The type C virus causes illness only in immunocompromised people, children and the elderly. There are no epidemics of diseases caused by this type of virus, while epidemics caused by viruses of types A and B occur very often - once every few years in a certain area.

The surface of the RNA molecule of the virus is covered with several protein molecules, among which neuraminidase should be highlighted. This enzyme facilitates the penetration of the virus into the cell and then ensures the release of new viral particles from it. Influenza viruses primarily infect epithelial cells lining the surface of the upper respiratory tract.

Of course, the immune system is not sitting idle either. Immune cells, having detected the presence of strangers, produce special substances - interferons, which suppress the activity of viruses and prevent their penetration into cells. In addition, special types of lymphocytes - T-killer cells and NK lymphocytes destroy cells affected by viruses.

However, viral diseases, including those caused by influenza viruses, claim many lives every year.

The peculiarity of viruses is their increased ability to mutate. This leads to the fact that protein molecules on the surface of viruses can very quickly change their composition, and as a result, immune forces are not always able to recognize them in time as a previously encountered object.

Therefore, scientists have long wanted to develop agents that would be active against various viruses. However, such a task faces many difficulties. They consist, first of all, in the fact that viral particles are very small and have an extremely primitive structure, even compared to bacteria. This means that they have very few vulnerabilities.

However, some antiviral agents have been developed. In particular, many of them are active against viruses that cause ARVI and influenza.

Types of antiviral drugs

Antiviral agents aimed directly at combating viruses can be divided into four main groups:

  • vaccines;
  • immunostimulants and interferon inducers;
  • drugs containing interferon;
  • direct acting antiviral drugs (etiotropic).

There are many antiviral agents belonging to different groups, and it is not easy to identify the most effective drug among them.

Antiviral vaccines

Vaccination was invented at the end of the 18th century. Over time, it began to be widely used as a prophylactic agent to combat various diseases, including viral ones.

The essence of vaccination is to give the body's immune system information about the infectious agent in advance. The fact is that the immune system often recognizes the danger too late, when the infection has already spread throughout the body. And if the immune system is configured in advance to fight the desired agent, then it will instantly enter into a fight with it and easily neutralize it.

When vaccinated against viruses, a vaccine is injected into the blood - a substance containing the protein shells of viruses, or somehow weakened viruses. These components are unable to cause disease, but are capable of training immune cells to fight invaders. Thus, if real viruses enter the body, then, as a rule, they are neutralized very quickly. Immunity obtained through vaccines can last for many years.

As for influenza, there are several types of viruses that cause this disease. There are vaccines for most of them.

Vaccines can be of several types. There are vaccines containing live but weakened viruses. There are also vaccines containing inactivated virus components. Typically, one vaccine contains material from several varieties of viruses, which is regularly updated in accordance with the mutations to which the substances that make up the shells of these infectious agents undergo.

Flu vaccination, first of all, should be given to people in certain risk groups:
  • Age over 65 years;
  • Having respiratory diseases;
  • Taking drugs that suppress the immune system, cytostatics, corticosteroids;
  • Patients with diabetes;
  • Children;
  • Women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Unlike influenza, there are currently no vaccines to prevent ARVI.

Influvac

A vaccine designed to protect the body from infection by influenza viruses. Contains proteins - hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, characteristic of two strains of influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and one strain of type B. Each component is contained in an amount of 15 mg per 0.5 ml.

Release form: injection suspension, equipped with disposable syringes.

Indications: prevention of influenza.

Contraindications: tendency to allergic reactions during injections, acute diseases.

Application: The vaccine can be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The standard dose is 0.5 ml for adults and children over 6 years of age, 0.25 ml for children under 6 years of age. For people who have a weakened immune system or have not previously been vaccinated, the vaccine is administered twice with a break of a month, in other cases - once. The procedure is recommended to be carried out in the fall.

Antiviral agents that enhance immunity

Any virus that enters the body encounters its protective forces - immunity. Human immunity is divided into two types: specific and nonspecific. Specific immunity is developed against a specific type of infectious agent, while nonspecific immunity has a universal effect and can be directed against any type of infection. Antiviral drugs based on enhancing immunity use its nonspecific variety.

Preparations with interferons

This class of antiviral agents contains interferons, special substances secreted by immune cells to fight viruses. Typically, interferon in such antiviral drugs is obtained artificially using special bacteria. Interferon attaches to cell walls and prevents viruses from entering them. On the other hand, viruses are able to block the production of interferon from cells, thereby facilitating their penetration into them. Thus, drugs containing interferon are designed to compensate for the lack of natural interferon observed during viral infections.

Information about the effectiveness of antiviral drugs of this class is contradictory. Many people claim that they helped them, although the results of clinical trials do not allow us to speak with confidence about these drugs as an effective remedy. In addition, they have many side effects. Among them, it is worth noting the high likelihood of allergic reactions.

The list of popular drugs of this type includes Grippferon, Alfarona, Interferon, Viferon, Kipferon.

Viferon

The drug contains interferon type alpha 2b. Escherichia coli bacteria were used in the synthesis of this substance. The drug also contains vitamins C and E. The drug can be used as an antiviral medicine. It is active against pathogens of major respiratory infections, as well as hepatitis and herpes viruses.

Kipferon

A drug for the treatment of influenza and ARVI. The medicine is available in the form of suppositories. Contains immunoglobulins and human leukocyte interferon. Fat and paraffin are used as additional components. The drug is active not only against viruses (ARVI, influenza and hepatitis viruses) but also against a number of bacterial infections, in particular chlamydia.

Grippferon

Available as a solution for nasal use, it contains human leukocyte interferon and has immunomodulatory properties. It also contains some excipients. Intended mainly for the treatment of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.

Grippferon

An immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, also active against influenza viruses. Contains human interferon alpha-2b. The therapeutic effect is due to the effect on the body’s cells, which become immune to the introduction of viral particles. Can be used to treat infants.

Release form: bottles of 5 and 10 ml, equipped with a dropper.

Indications: influenza and ARVI, treatment and prevention.

Contraindications: severe allergic diseases.

Application: The drug is instilled into each nasal passage. Dosage for treatment:

  • up to one year – 1 drop 5 times a day;
  • 1-3 years – 2 drops 3-4 times a day;
  • 3-14 years – 2 drops 4-5 times a day;
  • over 14 years old - 3 drops 5-6 times a day.

When preventing the disease (in case of contact with a patient or a high probability of infection), the dosage is similar to the dosage for treatment at the appropriate age, but instillation is performed only 2 times a day.

Antiviral immunostimulating agents

Unlike interferons, antiviral immunostimulating agents do not attack viruses directly, but stimulate the immune system to produce its own interferons. These are inexpensive but quite effective means. The advantage of this type of drugs, compared to drugs containing interferon, is that they are much less likely to cause side effects in the form of allergic reactions. Examples of such drugs are Ingavir, Kagocel, Cycloferon, Lavomax, Tsitovir. It is difficult to say for sure which of them is most effective for acute respiratory viral infections. They all differ somewhat in their effects and contraindications, and in order to know which one to choose, it is best to seek advice from a specialist.

The effectiveness of antiviral immunostimulating agents, judging by reviews, is quite high. However, many people who are passionate about such remedies do not think about how often they can drink them. Doctors warn about the harm that can result from uncontrolled use of immune stimulants. The fact is that with regular use of stimulants, the functioning of one’s own immunity occurs. The body gets used to the stimulation and is unable to respond to the infection on its own, which can cause complications of infectious diseases. The second danger associated with immune stimulants is that immune cells can begin to attack the body's own tissues, which is the cause of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, and some others.

Tsitovir

Contains bendazole, a substance that stimulates the formation of interferons. Other active substances are ascorbic acid and thymogen, which increase the body’s resistance to infection. Available in three main dosage forms - capsules, syrup and powder for solution. Can be used as a medicine to help against influenza and ARVI.

Kagocel

One of the best-selling drugs on the Russian market. Developed in the late 1980s. in Soviet Union. One of the main active ingredients is obtained from cotton and is a gossypol copolymer. Another component is cellulose glycolic acid. The combination of these components leads to increased secretion of interferon by immune cells. It should be noted that pure gossypol is known as a drug that negatively affects male spermatogenesis. And although the developers claim that the preparation contains an insignificant amount of this substance in its pure form, this circumstance makes us wary.

Amiksin

A drug that stimulates the production of various types of interferons - leukocyte (alpha type), gamma, and fibroblast interferon. A powerful remedy that is active against various viruses, including viruses that cause ARVI, herpes and hepatitis. The drug was developed in the United States about half a century ago, but was soon banned there due to its side effects. In particular, it was found that the main component of the drug can cause damage to the retina. However, in the countries of the former USSR this drug is actively sold under various brand names.

Cycloferon

Currently, this is one of the most popular drugs from the class of immunostimulants on the market. The active substance is meglumine acridone acetate. The drug can be administered into the body parenterally or taken in tablet form. Judging by the reviews, the drug has a high effect. However, it is interesting to note that the main active ingredient was originally used in veterinary medicine. But just a few years after the start of its use in this capacity, the drug was registered as a drug for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. At the same time, manufacturers recommend using the drug even for treating children over 4 years old.

Kagocel

Antiviral tablets belonging to the class of interferon inducer drugs. Stimulates the activity of the immune system against bacteria and viruses.

Release form: tablets containing the active substance (kagocel) in a dosage of 12 mg, as well as calcium stearate, starch, lactose, povidone.

Indications: treatment and prevention of influenza, ARVI, acute respiratory infections, as well as herpes simplex.

Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation, age under 3 years.

Side effects: allergic reactions are possible.

Application: 2 tablets 3 times a day in the first two days of the disease, in the next two days - 1 tablet 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 4 days. Taking the drug is not associated with food intake.

Ingavirin

One of the best drugs with immunomodulatory effects. Active against pathogens of influenza, parainfluenza and adenovirus. It also has an anti-inflammatory effect due to the suppression of cytokine synthesis. The active substance is pentanedioic acid imidazolylethanamide.

Release form: capsules and tablets in dosages of 30 and 90 mg.

Indications: prevention and treatment of influenza and ARVI.

Contraindications: pregnancy, childhood.

Application: Taking the drug does not depend on food intake. For the treatment and prevention of viral infections, the dosage is 90 mg once a day. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Antiviral etiotropic drugs (direct-acting drugs)

This type of drug acts directly on influenza or ARVI viruses. In this case, mechanisms may be used that impede the replication of the virus or its penetration into cells. Some drugs may also have a mild stimulating effect on the immune system.

Amantadins

These are first-generation antiviral etiotropic drugs, otherwise called M2 channel blockers. The mechanism of their action is based on disruption of the functioning of certain enzymes that ensure the reproduction of the virus in the cell. The main drugs of the class are deytiforin, amantadine, midantan and rimantadine. Amantadines are also effective against some other types of viruses, such as adenoviruses and herpes viruses.

Remantadine

One of the first representatives of the group of direct-acting antiviral drugs. At the time of its introduction (early 1960s), it seemed like a real breakthrough in the fight against influenza. The medicine has shown its effectiveness in many clinical trials.

The drug was developed in the USA, but in the Soviet Union the pharmaceutical industry also quickly launched the production of this drug. With its help, it was possible to significantly reduce the time spent on treating patients with influenza, which resulted in significant cost savings throughout the Soviet economy.

However, it soon became clear that influenza viruses quickly developed resistance to this drug and mutated in such a way that they became practically invulnerable to it. Recent studies show that more than 90% of influenza viruses are resistant to rimantadine, which makes it practically useless in the treatment of this disease.

In addition, the drug was initially active only against influenza virus type A and did not affect type B viruses. Thus, rimantadine in terms of treating influenza today is of rather historical interest. However, this medicine cannot be called completely useless, since it turned out that it is effective against the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Remantadine is available in two main dosage forms - 50 mg tablets and syrup. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, under certain conditions this time can be extended to two weeks.

Neuramidase inhibitors

These are more modern and effective direct-acting antiviral drugs. Their antiviral mechanism is based on blocking an enzyme that allows the virus to leave the infected cell and also penetrate healthy cells. Since the virus cannot penetrate the cell, it is easily destroyed by the body’s immune forces. Today, drugs in this group are most often used among direct-acting viral etiotropic drugs intended to combat influenza.

The main representatives of the class are oseltamivir, marketed under the brand name Tamiflu, and the drug Relenza (zanamivir). There is also a new generation drug - Peramivir (Rapivab), which has shown high effectiveness against uncomplicated influenza. This drug is intended primarily for parenteral administration.

However, it is worth noting that drugs in this group have a number of disadvantages. In the case of mild, uncomplicated flu, their effectiveness is usually relatively low, but the number of side effects is quite high. Neuramydiase inhibitors are also quite toxic. The incidence of side effects when taking them is 1.5%. Medicines are prescribed with caution to patients with a tendency to bronchospasm. In addition, they cannot be classified as cheap drugs.

Tamiflu

This drug was developed in the USA in the late 1980s. Initially it was planned to be used in the fight against the AIDS virus, but then it turned out that oseltamivir is not dangerous for this virus. However, instead, the drug was found to be active against influenza types A and B. The drug is most effective in severe forms of influenza due to its ability to suppress the formation of cytokines and prevent inflammation and an excessive immune response in the form of a cytokine storm. Today, this drug probably leads the rating in terms of effectiveness among other etiotropic drugs.

Photo: Stuart Monk/Shutterstock.com

When choosing a dosage, you should take into account the patient’s condition, the nature of the disease, and the presence of chronic diseases. The standard duration of treatment is 5 days, dosage mg.

However, it is worth noting that the drug does not act against ARVI pathogens. In addition, an overdose of the drug and its uncontrolled use, including for preventive purposes, can lead to very serious health consequences, for example, mental disorders.

Relenza

Like Tamiflu, it belongs to the group of neuramidase inhibitors. This is an effective antiviral drug, a structural analogue of sialic acid. Unlike oseltamivir, this flu medicine is not produced in tablets, but in special blisters intended for use in an inhaler - a diskhaler. This method allows you to deliver the drug directly to the respiratory tract affected by the virus and ensure the most effective effect of the drug on the infectious agent.

Relenza

Etiotropic antiviral agent. Active against influenza types A and B. The active substance is zanamivir, which belongs to the category of neuramidase inhibitors.

Release form: powder for inhalation, as well as a special device for inhalation - diskhaler. One dose contains 5 mg of active substance.

Indications: treatment and prevention of viruses type A and B in adults and children.

Contraindications: use the drug with caution in patients prone to bronchospasms.

Application: Diskhaler is used for inhalation. Blisters with the drug are inserted into a special disk on the disc haler. Then the blister is punctured, after which the drug can be inhaled through the mouthpiece.

It is recommended to do two inhalations at a time. This procedure is carried out twice a day, so the total recommended dosage is 4 sachets (20 mg). For children, no dose adjustment is required.

Tamiflu

Etiotropic antiviral drug. Designed to destroy influenza viruses types A and B. The active ingredient is oseltamivir.

Release form: Gelatin capsules with a dosage of 30, 45 and 75 mg, as well as powder for the preparation of a suspension in 30 g bottles.

Indications: prevention and treatment of influenza. The drug is recommended for use starting from the age of 1 year. In some cases (during disease pandemics), treatment of children from 6 months is allowed.

Contraindications: age under 6 months, chronic renal failure, low creatinine clearance (less than 10 ml/min).

Side effects: headaches, insomnia, convulsions, dizziness, weakness, cough, nausea.

Application: It is better to take the drug with food, although this is not a strict recommendation. Children over 13 years of age and adults are prescribed 75 mg 2 times a day. The course of treatment is 5 days. The daily dosage for children under 12 years of age depends on body weight:

  • More than 40 kg – 150 mg;
  • 23-40 kg – 120 mg;
  • 15-23 kg – 90 mg;
  • less than 15 kg – 60 mg.

The daily dose must be divided into two doses.

Arbidol

A domestic drug that was developed back in the 1980s. The active substance is umifenovir. Unlike neuraminidase inhibitors, the action of umifenovir is aimed at inhibiting another viral protein, hemagglutinin. However, this method also prevents the virus from entering cells. In addition, the drug is capable of providing moderate stimulation of the body's immune forces. Arbidol can also treat not only the flu, but also ARVI. A structural analogue of this drug, Arpetol, is produced in Belarus.

Reviews about the drug are mostly positive. However, one cannot help but be alarmed by the fact that the only serious study of the effectiveness of the drug was sponsored by its manufacturer, the Pharmstandard company. Therefore, today Arbidol cannot be unambiguously classified as a drug with proven effectiveness.

Arbidol

Antiviral drug. The active ingredient is umifenovir. Combines etiotropic action and stimulation of the immune system. Active against influenza types A and B, coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Release form: Capsules containing 50 mg of umifenovir.

Indications: Prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI, SARS.

Contraindications: age under 3 years, individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Side effects: allergic reactions

Application: The drug is taken before meals.

Dosage depends on age:

  • Adults and children over 12 years old – 200 mg;
  • 6-12 years – 100 mg;
  • 3-6 years – 50 mg.

When preventing influenza and ARVI during epidemics, the indicated doses are taken 2 times a week. The maximum duration of the course of prophylaxis is weeks. When treating influenza and ARVI, the indicated doses are taken 4 times a day. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Rebetol

This drug is not designed to fight influenza viruses, but to fight other viruses such as rhinosyncytial virus. This infection most often occurs in children, in whom it occurs in a complex form. However, it can also be used as an anti-influenza drug, although with less effect. In addition, the drug can be used in the treatment of herpes. For acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is administered to the site of inflammation using inhalation. Other names of the drug are Virazol and Ribavirin. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Ribavirin

An etiotropic drug used in the treatment of one of the forms of ARVI - an infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Used for inhalation. This procedure can only be performed in a hospital.

Release form: Powder for inhalation.

Indications: respiratory syncytial infection in children (as part of complex therapy).

Application: To prepare an inhalation solution, take 6 g of powder and dilute it in 100 ml of water for injection. Then, in the inhaler, this solution is diluted with another 300 ml of water. Inhalations are carried out for hours every day for 3-7 days.

Symptomatic drugs

Contrary to popular belief, these drugs are not antiviral. They are intended only to relieve the unpleasant symptoms of influenza and ARVI - pain and fever. However, this does not deny the fact that symptomatic medications are a good remedy for colds. They usually contain anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs - paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sometimes antioxidants - ascorbic acid, and less often - antihistamines and vasoconstrictors such as phenylephinephrine. Thus, they have no effect on influenza or ARVI viruses. Although the names of many such drugs can mislead the inexperienced person. For example, the symptomatic drug Theraflu can be confused with the etiotropic drug Tamiflu.

There are also combination drugs, including etiotropic and symptomatic drugs - for example, Anvivir, containing rimantadine and paracetamol.

It should be noted that the simultaneous prescription of interferon inducers and antipyretics, which is practiced by some doctors, does not make much sense. Indeed, when the temperature rises, on the contrary, there is an increase in the production of interferon, and an artificial decrease in temperature reduces this process to nothing.

Homeopathic remedies

It is worth noting such a type of medicine as homeopathic remedies for the treatment of viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract. There are fierce debates around homeopathy; it has both supporters and opponents. However, it is indisputable that almost all homeopathic medicines do not directly affect viruses, and therefore it is very difficult to classify them as antiviral. For example, such a popular French anti-flu drug as Oscillococcinum contains liver components from musky duck as an active component. In this case, it is not entirely clear on what basis such a component was classified as an effective remedy against influenza and colds. Nevertheless, the drug is actively sold and enjoys traditional popularity, including in our country. Needless to say, this kind of drugs is an obvious example of the use by clever businessmen of the self-hypnosis effect (placebo effect) characteristic of people.

Antiviral drugs for influenza and ARVI - benefit or harm?

In our country, the incidence of respiratory diseases is especially high, given the cold climate, long winter and off-season. All this creates a demand for drugs for colds and flu. Of course, pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot ignore such a potentially huge market. And they fill it with drugs of sometimes dubious quality and dubious effectiveness, promoting them with the help of aggressive advertising, claiming that the best drug today is this particular drug and no other. Currently, a person who comes to a pharmacy, as a rule, has no difficulty in choosing antiviral drugs. There are a lot of them, for every taste, and among them there are many drugs that are affordable. But, as you know, free cheese only comes in a mousetrap.

As shown above, there are no ideal antiviral drugs. Interferon drugs have many side effects, and these are of a kind that can appear after a long time. Nowadays, more and more information is accumulating that their regular use increases the risk of autoimmune diseases - lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, psoriasis, insulin-dependent diabetes and even cancer. Particular caution should be exercised by those patients who have relatives suffering from autoimmune diseases. Also, drugs of this type should be used with caution when treating children.

In addition, drugs containing interferon can cause severe allergic reactions. In addition, their effectiveness is highly questionable. In principle, the same can be said about antiviral immunostimulants. It is worth noting that in most Western countries such drugs are practically not used. The concept of treating respiratory diseases widespread there recognizes only etiotropic or symptomatic treatment, and antiviral immunomodulators are prescribed to patients only in exceptional cases.

As for etiotropic drugs, they also cannot be called an ideal choice. Although they have a much greater evidence base, their effectiveness is often greatly exaggerated due to advertising by manufacturers. In addition, such old drugs as rimantadine have already lost a significant share of their effectiveness due to the formation of a huge number of virus strains resistant to their action.

Neuramidase inhibitors appear to be most effective. However, they are highly toxic and have a limited spectrum of action, covering only influenza viruses. Therefore, given that they are most effective in the first days after the onset of the disease, they can be used only when there is complete confidence that the disease is caused by the influenza virus and not by something else. And needless to say, at the onset of the disease it is usually not possible to determine the type of pathogen. Otherwise, using these drugs will simply be a waste of money. By the way, this type of drug cannot be called cheap.

The only way to combat viral infections with antiviral drugs that has minimal side effects is vaccination. However, it cannot be considered a panacea. It has some limitations, since there are a huge number of flu strains and it is absolutely impossible to come up with a vaccine that would be effective against everyone. To some extent, however, this is compensated by the fact that the biological material contained in vaccines is constantly updated.

Therefore, you should think about whether it is worth using this kind of treatment at all, which can bring more problems than the disease itself. It should be noted that most people underestimate the strength of their own immunity. Following simple rules - bed rest, plenty of warm drinks, taking vitamins and a proper diet in most cases puts a person on his feet in about the same time as treatment with new-fangled antiviral drugs. Their use may still be justified for influenza with high fever, but the use of the same immunomodulators in the treatment of ARVI is not recommended at all.

Also, do not overuse symptomatic medications. After all, the same high temperature is the body’s protective reaction to the invasion of viruses and bacteria. At high temperatures, the production of interferons increases, making the body's cells immune to viral infection. By artificially lowering the temperature, we actually prevent the body from fighting infection. Therefore, you should not lower the temperature, at least if it does not cross the critical mark of +39º degrees.

The situation is further complicated by the peculiarities of our mentality. It is no secret that many people, faced with acute respiratory infections and the flu, do not strive to be cured, but simply to quickly return to their normal lives, go to work, etc. This not only leads to the fact that everyone around them becomes infected, but also to the fact that as a result the person does not treat the disease, which becomes chronic. A cold suffered on the legs has a much more harmful effect on the body than refusing to take antiviral medications.

However, most people understand that this behavior is not correct, but resort to another, seemingly more correct, remedy - swallowing packs of antiviral agents. And at the same time, it seems that he is really getting better, but at the same time he is destroying his body. Meanwhile, it’s worth thinking about the fact that health is much more valuable than a couple of extra days spent on sick leave.

Of course, these tips are suitable for people with healthy immune systems. However, not everyone can boast of it. Nowadays there are many people whose immunity is weakened. In them, the disease may drag on, which ultimately threatens various complications. In this case, taking antiviral tablets is justified. However, the fact of having a weakened immune system should be established not on the basis of individual sensations - I have a runny nose every month, which means I need to buy drugs with interferons or immunomodulators, but on the basis of thorough research into the state of the immune system. The selection of antiviral drugs must also be careful. The doctor should advise which one is best suited in a particular case. The drug must be used in accordance with its recommendations and instructions.

And, of course, treatment with these drugs should not be perceived as natural. Having been cured once with the help of antiviral drugs, you should not rely on the fact that miracle drugs will help get rid of the disease the next time. Measures should be taken to strengthen the immune system. There are many natural ways to do this - hardening, regular walks in the fresh air, proper nutrition and daily routine, proper rest, physical education and sports.

Also, measures aimed at preventing diseases should not be ignored. It should be taken into account that influenza and ARVI viruses are quite resistant to unfavorable factors and can exist in the external environment for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly carry out hygiene procedures, especially during periods of increased morbidity - wash your hands after coming from the street, regularly rinse your mouth and rinse the nasal cavity, avoid communicating with patients with respiratory diseases. Chronic diseases should also be treated promptly, since it is well known that viruses multiply most intensively in the body, weakened by the fight against chronic diseases. And, of course, it’s worth getting rid of bad habits. After all, it is well known that smoking significantly weakens the immune forces of the tissues of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, including viral ones.

It is also necessary to take into account that it is necessary to start antiviral therapy with drugs as early as possible, at the first signs of the disease. Otherwise, the treatment will not be effective.

In addition, before starting treatment with antiviral drugs, you should make sure that the respiratory disease is actually caused by viruses and not bacteria. Otherwise, antiviral therapy will be completely useless.

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10 reader comments

I tried about five medications throughout last winter and my epic illness, of all of them I liked Ergoferon #[link] It relieved the symptoms faster than others.

Svetlana

I'm the seller. We're at the checkout all day, and we're still running around the hall. People go to the store anywhere

condition. And sick, of course. If your immune system is slightly weakened, you will also get sick. But as

to be sick? We need money. Now I spend almost the whole winter on Ingavirin. It just became easier.

Even if I catch something, I don’t fall down for two weeks.

Thanks for the advice, colleague))) I’ll keep it in mind, otherwise it’s just cold season.

Ingavirin also helps me the best. It’s like the wind blows from the wrong side - I immediately fall ill, my immunity is very weak. Previously, I was sick for two weeks, almost always with complications. With ingavirin - maximum 5 days and no consequences)

Lizka
I, too, am used to being treated with Ergoferon all the time. It is antiviral, what harm are we talking about here, I don’t understand? On the contrary, it relieves colds and flu.
Alexei

The point is that the immune system should be triggered on its own, and not with the help of medication.

Tatiana

Thank you very much, useful article.

Tatiana

Before the holidays, my children caught the virus, snot, lethargy, temperature 37.5, I thought we wouldn’t go on vacation, a friend recommended Ingavirin, went and bought it, started giving it 1 capsule once a day. On the 3rd day the children were absolutely healthy, it lasted 7 days. We flew to Barcelona normally, went skiing, didn’t get sick, now, as soon as the cold season begins, I give ingavirin for prevention to the whole family, so it helps us.

Catherine

During the cold season, I have long been accustomed to being treated with the drug Tiloram, a domestic manufacturer that has been on the market for more than 10 years and has established itself as very high quality and affordable. If you compare the prices for similar drugs, then Tiloram is cheaper in price, and one package is enough for a course of treatment, as well as for prevention. What is also important for me is that treatment with this drug can be started both at an early stage and already with severe symptoms of ARVI. One tablet a day is enough for the body to begin fighting the virus, while generating its own strength to do so. Very pleased with the quality and result. In our family, everyone only accepts it.

city ​​dweller

During the epidemic of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, there is no escape from diseases. Lately I have been giving preference to the drug Tiloram. A convenient dosage regimen is 1 tablet per day, and one package is enough for the course of treatment. In terms of price, the drug is not cheap, but when compared with others, the price is adequate for such a quick and effective action. The drug has never caused side effects, and what is also very important, the drug stimulates the body’s own forces to fight viruses. Tiloram also works great as a preventive measure during the cold season. Very comfortably.

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