Frontit critters

Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus in dogs and cats

Autumn is characterized by a sharp increase in the number of bronchitis, rhinitis, and other diseases of the respiratory system in animals. But a simple runny nose is not scary.

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It is much worse when an animal develops frontal sinusitis.

general information

This is the name for inflammation of the frontal sinus. Roughly speaking, this is an analogue of sinusitis, which many people suffering from chronic diseases of the respiratory system know about. Acute inflammation of the sinuses most often has an infectious, viral etiology.

It can be caused by infectious rhinotracheitis, calcivirosis, canine distemper, adenovirus, parainfluenza. The same diseases, if not fully cured, can cause chronic sinusitis.

The bacterial nature of the disease is a rarer case, and often develops as a complication of the same viral infections. The only exception to this rule is when an animal is infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. But this is more typical for dogs. In cats, frontal sinusitis of allergic etiology is much more common. A similar result can be caused by foreign bodies entering the nasal cavity.

But chronic sinusitis is almost always a consequence of the “work” of pathogenic bacteria. The disease can also be caused by neoplasia or fungal infection. Note that pathogenic fungi often cause inflammation of the sinuses in dogs, while this is not very common in cats. How do the symptoms of frontal sinusitis manifest?

Clinical picture of the disease

Acute sinusitis is characterized by the release of large volumes of exudate from the nose, sneezing, the animal constantly rubs its nose with its paws, wheezing can be heard with the “naked ear”, the pet breathes heavily, opening its mouth wide. Watery eyes and conjunctivitis often accompany inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

At first, nasal discharge is serous (that is, watery), but later becomes greenish and thick. The greener the exudate becomes, the worse it is, since purulent inflammation contributes to the deterioration of the animal’s general condition and a sharp increase in its body temperature.

Important! If your pet has a stream of liquid exudate running from one nostril, while nothing comes out of the other, there is a chance that he is not sick with frontal sinusitis. It is possible that some foreign body has entered his nasal cavity, irritating the nasal mucosa and causing constant secretion of exudate.

With chronic frontal sinusitis, the animal often sneezes - this is a natural reflex that helps cleanse the respiratory tract of exudate and bacteria accumulated there. The aspiration reflex (“reverse sneezing”), manifested in the form of short-term paroxysmal movements, is also quite often observed in sick animals.

A dangerous symptom is difficulty breathing, as well as shortness of breath. These signs indicate that the animal has severely swollen mucous membranes, which can lead to suffocation. It is necessary to urgently take your pet to a specialist if he has bloody, bloody-purulent or ichorous nasal discharge, as this may indicate a dangerous fungal infection or even oncological pathology.

Please note that cancerous or “mushroom” frontal sinusitis in a cat or dog often leads to deformation of the bones of the facial part of the skull. The fungal nature of the inflammation is also indicated by a strong pain reaction, which manifests itself when palpating the animal’s muzzle.

Therapeutic techniques

In moderate or acute cases, symptomatic treatment of frontal sinusitis is quite effective. In severe cases of the disease and a serious deterioration in the general condition of the animal, forced feeding through a gastric tube or intravenous administration of nutrient solutions may be required.

Chronic secondary bacterial frontitis in animals is treated with loading doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 3–6 weeks. It is permissible to use some medications to relieve symptoms of nasal congestion and facilitate breathing, but it must be clearly understood that they do not have any effect on the immediate cause of the disease.

Fungal frontal sinusitis in a dog or cat requires antifungal therapy, but it should be carried out only after the pathogen has been accurately identified. Typically, Fluconazole is used, mg/day, orally. Itraconazole (itraconazole) mg/day, orally, has proven itself quite well. All of these drugs are particularly effective for treating cryptococcosis in cats.

But here it should be noted that orally prescribed drugs show rather variable activity against fungal agents. An exception is Voriconazole, used at a dose of 4 mg/kg, orally. It is especially active in combination with terbinafine (15 mg/kg, orally, for one month).

Enilconazole or clotrimazole is instilled directly into the nose. Ointments and liniments based on clotrimazole, which are placed directly into the nasal passages, have proven themselves to be effective. Studies have shown that in 90% of cases there is a complete cure.

Animals that do not respond to drug therapy may require surgery, which consists of a sinusotomy, during which the affected areas of soft tissue and bone are excised. Before this, tissue samples are taken directly from the sinus tissue to determine the type of pathogen.

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Frontitis

Frontitis is a chronic catarrh of the frontal sinus.

The disease is more often recorded in large and small livestock, less often in horses and dogs.

Etiology. The disease occurs as a result of fractures of the horns, the bone wall of the frontal sinus, and violation of the dehorning technique.

Secondary frontal sinusitis can be a complication of rhinitis, sinusitis, coenurosis and estrosis in sheep.

Symptoms and course. There is a one-sided, unpleasant-smelling nasal discharge, which intensifies when tilting the head or coughing. The base of the horn and the bones of the forehead are painful on palpation and percussion. Sometimes there is deformation of the bones in the area of ​​the frontal sinus, and upon percussion there is a dull sound.

The disease is chronic.

The diagnosis is complex, taking into account the medical history and characteristic clinical picture.

Differential diagnosis. Frontal sinusitis should be differentiated from diseases that have symptoms of rhinitis in their clinical manifestation.

Treatment. The procedure is the same as for sinusitis.

Prevention. Prevent injury in the frontal sinus area, prevent diseases that occur with impaired mineral metabolism.

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Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal sinus in dogs and intestines

Video: Forgotten cotton wool

Autumn time is characterized by a sharp increase in the number of bronchitis, rhinitis, and other diseases of the respiratory system in animals. Alas, the undead are simply not scary. It's worse if the creature develops frontitis.

Secret information

This is called inflammation of the frontal sinus. Roughly speaking, it is analogous to sinusitis, which many people know who suffer from chronic diseases of the organs of the respiratory system. Acute inflammation of the sinuses most often results in infection or viral etiology.

Video: Endoscopic sinusotomy

This may include infectious rhinotracheitis, calcivirosis, canine plague, adenovirus, parainfluenza. The same illnesses, being not completely cured, can become the cause of chronic frontitis.

The bacterial nature of illness is a more rare occurrence, and often develops as a complication of the same viral infections. The only culprit of this rule is the contamination of the creature Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bordetella Bronchiseptica). Ale is more typical for dogs. In the guts, frontitis of allergic etiology is more common. A similar result can be obtained from third-party objects that were lost in the bow empty.

And from chronic frontal sinusitis there may always be a result of the “work” of pathogenic bacteria. Sickness can also result from neoplasia or fungal infection. It is significant that pathogenic fungi more often cause inflammation of the sinuses in dogs, while this is not so typical for the intestines. How do the symptoms of frontal sinusitis manifest?

Clinical picture of illness

Gastro frontitis is characterized by the sight of great oblivion, nasal exudation, chugging, the creature is constantly shaking its paws, “unbroken ear”, audible wheezing, the vihovanets is breathing heavily, wide open pus. lacrimation and conjunctivitis often accompany inflammation of the upper respiratory ducts.

The ends of the nose are serous (watery), but later become green and thick. The greener it becomes exudate, the more bitter it is, as the putrid burning burns the heat of the creature and sharply increases the temperature of its body.

In case of chronic frontal sinusitis, the animal often sniffs - this is a natural reflex that helps to cleanse the respiratory tract from the accumulated exudate and bacteria there. The aspiration reflex (“whealing”), which appears during short-term paroxysmal collapses, is also often avoided in sick animals.

A serious symptom is difficulty in breathing, and also in the buttocks. These are signs that the creature has very swollen mucous membranes, which can cause negative suffocation. It is necessary to urgently take the convalescent to the doctor if he/she has crooked, crooked-purulent or good vision from the nose, as this may indicate an unsafe fungal infection or oncological Well, pathology.

therapeutic techniques

In dying or acute episodes, it is effective to treat symptoms of frontal sinusitis. In case of severe illness and serious deterioration of the animal's vitality, the creature may need a primus bath through a sputum probe or internal administration of vital fluids.

Chronic secondary bacterial frontitis in animals is treated with loading doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics over a period of 3-6 days. It is permissible to use certain medications to relieve the symptoms of nasal congestion and relieve shortness of breath, but it is necessary to clearly understand that the stench is not the main cause of the illness.

Fungal frontal sinusitis in a dog in the intestines requires antifungal therapy, but it should be carried out only after it is accurately identified. As a rule, fluconazole is prescribed (Fluconazole) mg / day, orally. It is bad to recommend Itraconazole mg/day, orally. All these drugs are especially effective for the treatment of cryptococcosis in the intestines.

But here it is important to remember that orally administered drugs show the significant activity of apparently fungal agents. Vinyatkom є Voriconazole, vicoristic at a dose of 4 mg/kg, orally. Vin is especially active when combined with terbinafine (15 mg/kg, orally, for one month).

Enilconazole or clotrimazole should be instilled directly into the nose. Ointments and liniments based on clotrimazole, which are placed directly in the nasal passages, have proven to be good. Research has shown that in 90% of seizures there is external exacerbation.

Animals that do not respond to drug therapy may require surgery, which involves a sinusotomy, in which the tissues and cysts are removed. Right in front of the tissue of the sinus, tissue samples are taken to establish the type of zbudnik.

Source: http://ukranimals.ru/sobaki-2/12329-frontit-zapalennja-lobovoi-pazuhi-u-sobak-i-kishok.html

Frontit critters

Surgeon at Dr. Bugaev’s clinic, Ph.D. vet. Science Prilipko O.V.

Purulent inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract in cats are quite common. The entry of small foreign bodies into the nasal passages, such as particles of food or plant fibers, odontogenic sinusitis, complications of viral rhinotracheitis, can provoke in the future the occurrence of a life-threatening animal disease - frontal sinusitis. What is frontitis? This is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus, which initially occurs in a catarrhal form, then becomes purulent. Purulent frontal sinusitis causes lysis (melting) of bone tissue and can lead to encephalitis (brain damage) or sepsis (blood poisoning), which is fatal.

What are the symptoms of frontal sinusitis? Animal owners primarily pay attention to depression, refusal of food and sneezing. Then there is swelling and pain in the forehead, and purulent-bloody discharge from one or both nostrils. This disease requires immediate surgical intervention, since conservative treatment methods will not give a positive result.

The most effective surgical intervention is drainage of the frontal sinus followed by its sanitation and intensive antibiotic therapy.

The photo shows a cat M., age 16 years old, suffering from right-sided frontal sinusitis, after surgical drainage of the frontal, maxillary sinuses and nasal passage. The arrows indicate the upper and lower ends of the drainage.

In conclusion, we can say that timely drainage and evacuation of purulent exudate from the sinuses, combined with intensive antibiotic therapy, gives a quick positive effect and prolongs the life of our pets.

Contact phone number: (044) – 426 – 47 – 76 (78).

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Frontit critters

Frontitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. Mostly cattle, sheep and horses are affected.

Etiology. Primary sinusitis occurs with penetrating wounds of the frontal sinus, fractures of the horny process of the frontal bone, and the development of parasites (sheep coenurosis). As a secondary disease, it develops as a result of the spread of inflammation along the continuation of rhinitis, sinusitis, tuberculous lesions of the skull bones, etc.

Symptoms. The course of the disease is often chronic. Animals are depressed, their hair is tousled and lacks shine. Body temperature is normal or subfebrile. Mucopurulent or purulent discharge from the nose is periodically observed, often one-sided, sometimes streaked with blood. Nasal discharge increases when the head is tilted and after running. When palpating the area of ​​the frontal sinus and surrounding tissues, a painful reaction of the animal is established. The percussion sound when the sinus is filled with exudate (empyema) is dull. In some animals, the configuration of the frontal bones changes noticeably due to their thinning. If the course of the process is unfavorable, various complications arise (meningitis, brain abscesses, bone caries, and sometimes the process can end in sepsis).

The diagnosis is made based on medical history and characteristic clinical symptoms. The differential diagnosis excludes rhinitis, sinusitis, infectious and invasive diseases with symptoms of rhinitis.

Treatment. In the early stages of the disease, treatment is carried out with antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, monomycin, etc.) (rec. 52, 53, 54). Ultra-high-frequency therapy is indicated. If a positive therapeutic effect is not achieved by conservative methods, surgical treatment is performed.

For this purpose, trephination of the frontal sinus is performed, exudate is removed through the trepanation hole and the cavity is washed with warm disinfectant solutions - 0.1% ethacridine, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 2-3% boric acid, 0.02 % furatsilin, etc. (est. 48-51). In the subsequent days of treatment, antibiotic solutions are injected through the burr hole. Usually only high-value and breeding animals are treated.

Source: http://zhivotnovodstvo.net.ru/spravochnik-veterinarnoj-terapii/100-bolezni-dyhatelnoj-sistemy/517-frontit-frontitis-.html

Frontitis in animals

Causes of frontal sinusitis in animals

  • penetrating wounds;
  • parasites;
  • disintegration of malignant neoplasms.

Symptoms of frontal sinusitis in animals

  • swelling and tenderness of tissues;
  • nasal discharge;
  • change in the configuration of the frontal bones

Complications of frontal sinusitis in animals

The following complications are possible:

Treatment of frontal sinusitis in animals

  • sulfonamides;
  • antibiotics;
  • physiotherapeutic procedures, warming up;
  • in the chronic form - craniotomy, washing the cavity with antiseptic solutions.

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Source: http://www.kiev.vet/thesaurus/frontit-u-zhivotnyh

Frontit

Frontitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal cavity.

Frontal sinusitis in animals often occurs chronically and is accompanied by the accumulation of inflammatory exudate. In the case of accumulation of purulent and ichorous exudate in the frontal cavity, the disease is called empyema.

Frontitis mainly affects cattle, sheep and horses.

Frontitis in animals can be acute and chronic, catarrhal (serous) and purulent.

Etiology. Primary sinusitis in animals occurs with penetrating wounds of the frontal sinus, fractures of the horny process of the frontal bone, and the development of parasites (coenurosis of sheep).

Secondary frontal sinusitis develops as a result of the spread of inflammation along the continuation of rhinitis, sinusitis, tuberculous lesions of the cranial spines, malignant catarrhal fever of cattle, actinomycosis, and the disintegration of malignant neoplasms.

Clinical picture. Frontal sinusitis in animals often occurs chronically. The sick animal is depressed, the appetite is reduced, the hair is tousled and lacks shine. The animal's body temperature is normal or subfibrile. In a sick animal, owners note periodic mucous-purulent or purulent discharge from the nose, which is often one-sided; streaks of blood are sometimes visible in the discharge. After the animal is driven away and when the head is tilted, the nasal discharge intensifies. By palpation in the area of ​​the frontal sinus and surrounding tissues, we note the animal’s painful reaction. When percussing the frontal sinus, we get a dull sound. As a result of thinning of the frontal bones, in some sick animals there is a noticeable change in the configuration of the frontal bones.

In the chronic course of the disease, the resulting inflammation may spread to the meninges, as a result of which the sick animal’s reaction to the environment weakens or disappears, the animal develops anxiety and other symptoms characteristic of damage to the brain and meninges. Frontal sinusitis for an animal can result in sepsis.

Pathological changes. The inflammatory process in frontal sinusitis is often limited to the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus; sometimes the submucosal layer, periosteum, bone and meninges can be involved in the process. With purulent inflammation, the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus is swollen and reddened, in it we find ulcers and focal proliferation of connective tissue. In some animals we find swelling and redness of the submucosal layer, hemorrhages in the periosteum, the frontonasal opening is usually narrowed or closed, and a large amount of exudate accumulates in the frontal sinus. Often there is pronounced softening of the bones and visible fistulous tracts that open into the subcutaneous tissue in the forehead or into the cranial cavity.

The diagnosis of frontal sinusitis is made based on the collected medical history and characteristic clinical symptoms. To clarify the diagnosis, a puncture or craniotomy is performed.

Differential diagnosis. When diagnosing frontal sinusitis, a veterinarian must rule out rhinitis, sinusitis, infectious (glanders, myt) invasive diseases with symptoms of rhinitis.

Treatment. In the early stages of the disease, treatment is carried out with titrated antibiotics, including modern cephalosporins. Physiotherapy is used as for frontal sinusitis. If conservative treatment does not give the desired effect, then surgical treatment is resorted to. During surgical treatment, trepanation of the frontal sinus is performed, through the resulting hole, the veterinarian removes exudate from the frontal cavity and rinses it with warm disinfectant solutions - 0.1% ethacridine, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 2 - 3% boric acid, 0.02% furatsilin etc. Subsequently, titrated antibiotic solutions are injected into the frontal cavity through the burr hole. New growths and overgrown granulation tissue are removed with a curette followed by cauterization. In severe cases of the disease, a course of antibiotics is administered with sulfonamide drugs.

Prevention. Prevention of frontal sinuses involves preventing traumatic injuries to the head area. Timely provision of qualified medical care for inflammation of the nasal mucosa and maxillary sinus. In order to improve metabolism and increase the body's resistance, vitamin A is introduced into the diet of newborn animals; D and C, polysalts of microelements containing salts of cobalt, manganese and iodine.

Source: http://vetvo.ru/frontit.html

Frontit critters

Frontitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal cavity) (catarrhus sinus frontalis. empyema sixvus frontalis)

Frontitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal cavity, which often occurs chronically and is accompanied by the accumulation of exudate of various types. When purulent and ichorous mass accumulates in the cavity, the process is called empyema.

Etiology. Frontitis occurs with damage to the horny processes, wounds in the frontal cavity, the transition of inflammation from the nasal mucosa and maxillary sinus, as well as with malignant catarrhal fever of cattle, actinomycosis, tuberculosis of the skull bones.

Symptoms. Patients have severe depression, decreased appetite, and unilateral nasal discharge, which increases when the head is lowered. In the frontal part, slightly below the base of the horns, there is pronounced pain, dullness or dull sound, deformation of the frontal bones and sometimes an abscess in the subcutaneous tissue. When inflammation spreads to the meninges, the reaction to the environment weakens or disappears, anxiety and other symptoms appear that are observed when the meninges and brain are damaged.

Pathological and anatomical changes. Inflammation is often limited to the mucous membrane of the sinus; less often, the submucosal layer, periosteum, bone and meninges are involved in the process. With purulent inflammation, the mucous membrane is swollen and reddened, with the presence of ulcers and focally overgrown connective tissue. Sometimes swelling and redness of the submucosal layer, hemorrhages in the periosteum are found, the frontonasal opening is usually narrowed or closed, a large amount of exudate accumulates in the sinus, softening of the bones and fistulous tracts are often pronounced, opening into the subcutaneous tissue in the forehead or into the cranial cavity. Exudate breakdown products and microbial exo- and endotoxins, when absorbed into the blood, disrupt thermoregulation and cause intoxication of the body.

Diagnosis. When making a diagnosis, take into account the presence of a unilateral discharge, which intensifies during the period of lowering the head, and dullness in the area of ​​the frontal cavity. To clarify the diagnosis, trepanation or puncture is performed.

Treatment is the same as for sinusitis.

Prevention. They do not allow damage to the cavity area, and promptly provide medical assistance for inflammation of the nasal mucosa and maxillary sinus. Newborns are prescribed vitamins A, D and C, cobalt, manganese and iodine salts to improve metabolism and increase the body's resistance.

Source: http://zoovet.info/bolezni-zhivotnykh/144-nezaraznye-bolezni-zhivotnykh/bolezni-zhivotnykh-organy-dykhaniya/727-frontit

Sinusitis and sinusitis in animals

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (sinusitis) and frontal sinus (frontal sinusitis) is rarely observed as a complication in other diseases.

Etiology. The occurrence of a pathological process in the mucous membrane of the accessory cavities is associated with the spread of the pathogen through communicating channels in rhinitis, osteomyelitis of the facial bones, laryngitis and pharyngitis. Primary catarrh of the maxillary and frontal sinuses can be observed after physical damage and inflammation of the dental alveoli.

Symptoms. There is anxiety, sometimes loss of appetite and general depression, unilateral nasal mucous or mucopurulent discharge with a sharp putrid odor. In the area of ​​the pathological process, palpation reveals pain and anxiety of the animal. In the chronic course of the disease, the configuration of the bones in the area of ​​the accessory cavities may be changed.

Treatment. In the initial stages of the disease, a therapeutic effect can be achieved after eliminating the cause that caused the disease. In the chronic course of the disease, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process of the mucous membranes and accessory cavities through surgery. The mucopurulent exudate is removed, and the vacated cavity is washed several times with solutions of antimicrobial agents. In parallel, a course of treatment with sulfonamides or titrated antibiotics should be carried out.

Prevention. Eliminate factors that cause the disease.

Source: http://www.allvet.ru/diseases/all_terapy53.php

Frontit critters

FRONTITIS, inflammation of the frontal sinus. It occurs as a result of penetrating wounds, parasitism of gadfly larvae (in sheep), and the disintegration of malignancies. neoplasms. It occurs more often in cows and sheep. Swelling [swelling] and tenderness of the tissues and dullness of percussion sound in the area of ​​the affected [affected] sinus are observed. In catarrhal F. there is a serous-mucous discharge from the nose, in acute purulent F. there is a mucopurulent discharge with a fetid odor; in chronicle cases of change in the configuration of the frontal bones. Possible complications: meningitis, bone caries, brain abscess. In case of purulent discharge (in horses), it is necessary to exclude glanders, sinusitis, and sinusitis.

Treatment: for acute catarrhal F.—sulfonamides, antibiotics; local heating, physiotherapeutic procedures; for chronic F.—craniotomy, washing the cavity with non-irritating antiseptics. solutions.

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