Pharyngitis from the stomach

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Chronic pharyngitis

General characteristics of the disease

Every person is familiar first-hand with such unpleasant sensations as dry mouth, sore throat, sore throat and hacking cough. All of them indicate that pharyngitis has appeared in your body.

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Symptoms of this disease appear in 40% of patients who consult ENT doctors. In one form or another, pharyngitis is suffered by all inhabitants of the earth, and it is this common disease that will be discussed in our article.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory disease of the pharyngeal mucosa. The main causative agents of infection are viruses and bacteria. They affect the mucous membrane, damage tissue, and contribute to the formation of viscous mucus on the back wall of the pharynx. Depending on the severity and duration of the disease, acute and chronic pharyngitis are distinguished.

Chronic pharyngitis - causes and symptoms of the disease

Chronic pharyngitis in children and adults develops slowly over a long period of time. It is caused by various reasons and, as a rule, is accompanied by functional disorders of secretion, blood circulation and innervation. If the patient experiences constant discomfort and pain in the throat, dry mouth, so-called sore throat, then these are clear signs that he is developing pharyngitis. Symptoms of the disease appear as a result of acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract, as well as under the influence of environmental factors. Dust, soot, uncontrolled alcohol consumption and smoking lead to irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa. In addition, chronic pharyngitis is provoked by harmful compounds that are formed as a result of the combustion of petroleum products, and autoimmune allergic diseases.

Immunity and trophism disorders observed in older people can also cause chronic pharyngitis. Treatment of the disease is carried out taking into account the clinical picture of the disease and all accompanying factors, because pharyngitis is often associated with changes in the endocrine system and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is for this reason that you should not postpone a visit to the doctor, because the sooner a person goes to the hospital, the higher the chance that doctors will notice adverse changes in his body in time and prescribe adequate treatment. This is especially important in the case of children, whose timely examination can reveal serious problems requiring immediate medical intervention.

Pharyngitis in children

Chronic pharyngitis in children is provoked by pathogenic viruses, however, very often it occurs under the influence of other infectious diseases, for example, streptococcus and mycoplasma.

The disease manifests itself differently in children's bodies. When only the mucous membrane of the pharynx becomes inflamed in a child, doctors diagnose catarrhal pharyngitis. If the inflammatory process has led to changes in the size of the lymphadenoid elements and has spread over most of the pharynx, then this is granulosa pharyngitis. Treatment of the disease is carried out only after taking all the necessary tests and procedures. It is unacceptable to limit yourself solely to an external examination of the oral cavity and pharynx, since you need to know exactly what the true cause of pharyngitis is and what viruses or bacteria it was caused by.

If a child behaves restlessly, takes food poorly or refuses it altogether, complains of a sore throat and sore throat, then with a fair degree of confidence we can judge that he has pharyngitis. Symptoms of the disease serve as the basis for contacting a pediatrician. You can also examine your baby's throat yourself for any adverse changes. As a rule, pharyngitis in children is accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane and redness of the pharynx. In some cases, the neck becomes covered with purulent discharge and red dots - hemorrhages. If you notice any of the above symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor and coordinate the course of treatment with him.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic pharyngitis

The main methods of diagnosing the disease are external examination of the pharynx (pharyngoscopy) and laboratory examination of smears. The latter is especially effective, as it allows you to identify the cause of the disease, its form and the clinical picture of the development of pharyngitis. Treatment of infection involves the use of many different drugs, which in itself indicates the lack of reliability of the methods of treatment known to modern medicine.

Doctors usually prefer local therapy. Inhalation using ready-made forms allows the most physiological introduction of drugs into the body and ensures their optimal concentration. Chronic pharyngitis is treated with antibiotic aerosols, antihistamines, corticosteroids, biologically active substances and proteolytic enzymes.

Another fairly effective way to treat pharyngitis is physical methods, namely: redistribution of blood and lymph flow, forced expansion of peripheral vessels, stimulation of redox processes and supply of tissues with the vitamins and microelements they need. In order to guarantee a cure for chronic pharyngitis, doctors use both modern medical equipment and more traditional methods of influence. The most widely used methods are quartz treatment, mud therapy, electrophoresis, helium-neon laser, UHF, diathermy and others.

Recently, a technique that takes into account the microbiocenosis of the pharynx and intestines is increasingly being used. In this case, medical intervention consists of sequential use of lysozyme, Lugol's solution and trypsin. Chronic pharyngitis, the treatment of which is carried out according to this program, causes minimal inconvenience to patients and, in addition, during the procedures, intestinal dysbiosis is simultaneously corrected, which is very important from the point of view of strengthening local and general immunity.

Another effective way to get rid of pharyngitis is treatment with folk remedies. Time-tested recipes sometimes work much better than conventional medications, and therefore folk treatment for pharyngitis has become quite widespread.

Treatment of pharyngitis in children is particularly difficult, especially if the child is still small and resists gargling in every possible way. Sprays should not be used in this case, as they can cause bronchospasms. Accordingly, it is imperative to coordinate all your actions with a pediatrician, who will prescribe the most gentle treatment for pharyngitis to your child.

Use of traditional medicine

Alternative treatment for pharyngitis is quite effective, but in order to avoid possible complications, you should in any case consult with your doctor before using any of the recipes below.

  • the garlic is ground to a pulp and poured with wine or apple cider vinegar (1 liter per head of garlic). The resulting mixture must be infused for two weeks in a dark place, and then filtered and dissolved in a container with the mixture one spoon of table salt. If you are sick, you should gargle with the infusion 2-3 times a day until complete recovery;
  • chronic pharyngitis can be perfectly cured with the help of a 10% alcohol extract of propolis, which is mixed with glycerin (10 ml of propolis per 20 ml of glycerin) or peach oil. The resulting solution is used to lubricate the back wall of the pharynx 2 times a day - morning and evening;
  • For sore throats, pharyngitis, inflammation of the oral cavity and bleeding gums, a decoction of blackberry leaves helps. It will be especially effective if a person is diagnosed with chronic pharyngitis. Treatment with folk remedies also allows the use of oregano herb, clover or calendula flowers, plantain leaves, motherwort herb and rose hips. To prepare medicine from the collection of the above plants, pour 2 tablespoons of the herb with 0.5 boiling water and place the container in a dark place for one day. After this, the solution must be filtered. When sick, it is taken orally 3-4 times a day. Standard dosage is 50 ml. Or you can gargle with the solution 2-3 times a day.

Let us note once again that traditional treatment of pharyngitis involves mandatory consultation with your doctor before using any infusions and herbal mixtures.

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Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa. This is a very common disease that probably every person has had; popularly it is often simply called a cold.

Causes of pharyngitis

The most common cause of pharyngitis is a viral or bacterial infection that penetrates the nasopharynx with reduced immunity. The provoking factor in most cases is hypothermia, general or local (drinking cold drinks, ice cream).

Viral pharyngitis is transmitted by airborne droplets, spreading very quickly, especially in crowded places (enterprises, schools, kindergartens). Subsequently, a bacterial infection may join a viral infection. In some cases, bacterial pharyngitis occurs immediately as an independent disease.

Among the most common causative agents of pharyngitis are rhinovirus (about 80% of all cases of acute pharyngitis), adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, and coronavirus.

In addition to viruses and bacteria, pharyngitis can be caused by a fungal infection, allergies, trauma to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, as well as gastric contents entering the pharynx during sleep with chronic gastritis. Pharyngitis in children, especially nasopharyngitis (inflammation of the nasopharynx), can be caused by a foreign body, which is quite common.

Types of pharyngitis

Depending on the origin, pharyngitis is classified into viral, bacterial, allergic, traumatic, fungal, as well as pharyngitis that occurs in response to constant irritation.

According to the nature of the course, pharyngitis can be acute, subacute and chronic. Chronic pharyngitis, in turn, is divided into catarrhal (simple), hypertrophic, atrophic and mixed.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

The symptoms of pharyngitis are known to every person. This is a sore throat, pain when swallowing, a constant desire to cough. Acute pharyngitis may be accompanied by a deterioration in general condition, the appearance of weakness, malaise, and a rise in temperature, sometimes quite significant (38°C and above). As a rule, the infection spreads further, and after a few days rhinitis (runny nose) joins pharyngitis.

Acute pharyngitis in children has similar symptoms, but it can be difficult to recognize them in infants. The baby is capricious, his sleep is disturbed, and his appetite worsens. In young children, the symptoms of pharyngitis are not specific and are similar to the symptoms of any other cold. Pharyngitis in children very quickly turns into nasopharyngitis, due to the anatomical proximity of the structures, which is manifested by the appearance of a runny nose. Another feature of acute pharyngitis in children is the appearance of a reflex (in response to irritation) cough. The cough is dry, paroxysmal, sometimes very strong, and occurs from irritation of the back wall of the pharynx by inflammatory mucous contents flowing down it.

The symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are less pronounced than the symptoms of acute pharyngitis. Characterized by constant soreness and discomfort in the throat, sometimes a dry cough. There is no deterioration in the general condition, but local symptoms of pharyngitis cause constant inconvenience, which can cause increased irritability and even insomnia. Chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis very often is not an independent disease, but one of the manifestations of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore may be accompanied by discomfort in the stomach, intestines, etc.

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

The diagnosis of pharyngitis is made on the basis of the patient’s characteristic complaints, data from the epidemiological situation (autumn and spring epidemics caused by viral infection are taken into account), as well as the results of pharyngoscopy - a thorough examination of the pharynx. If necessary, a scraping is performed from the tonsils and the back wall of the pharynx for bacterial culture, identifying the causative agent of the disease.

Treatment of pharyngitis

If there are no special indications, the method of choice is local treatment of pharyngitis. We recommend dry heat in the throat area (warming dry compress), frequent rinsing with an antiseptic solution, sucking lozenges containing antibacterial drugs, plenty of warm drinks, inhalation of medicinal substances, as well as general strengthening and immune-stimulating agents. Doctors also often recommend the combination drug Grammidin. A unique combination of active ingredients—an antibiotic and an antiseptic—suppresses the growth and reproduction of microbes in the throat. The drug reduces inflammation, alleviates discomfort in the throat and makes swallowing easier. When absorbed, it helps cleanse the throat and mouth of microorganisms. The drug is available in three forms of tablets: Grammidin Neo, Grammidin with anesthetic Neo (the composition includes an anesthetic for an additional analgesic effect) and Grammidin for children (with raspberry flavor, for children from 4 years old, and also in the form of a spray - Grammidin spray (for patients with 18 years old) For a viral infection, taking antibiotics is not recommended; they are prescribed by a doctor only when a bacterial or fungal pathogen is identified, or for preventive purposes in the treatment of traumatic pharyngitis.

Treatment of pharyngitis in children, especially small ones, presents significant difficulties, since taking local medications is very difficult. It is impossible for a baby to gargle, the use of inhalers in small children is prohibited, as it can cause bronchospasm, and sucking on lozenges is also not suitable for them. Therefore, treatment of pharyngitis in children under two years of age involves dry warming of the neck, plenty of warm drinks and taking mild restoratives. It is imperative to treat almost always associated rhinitis by instilling drops into the nose prescribed by a pediatrician, since without this, treatment of pharyngitis will be ineffective due to the constant flow of infection from the nose.

It is necessary to avoid hypothermia and excessive overheating of the child; the room where he is located must be warm and well ventilated. Inhalations in young children, in the absence of allergies to herbs, can be carried out as follows: when the child is sleeping, place a boiled decoction of medicinal herbs (intensively releasing steam) that have an antibacterial effect under the crib, making sure that the container is out of the child’s reach .

Treatment of pharyngitis with folk remedies

Treatment of pharyngitis is not gout, the treatment of which with folk remedies only alleviates the symptoms, but does not eliminate the cause, but one of those cases when folk remedies are quite effective and can even be used as the main therapy. The following folk remedies for pharyngitis are widely used:

  • Rinsing with warm decoctions of medicinal plants that have an antibacterial effect (sage, chamomile, calendula);
  • Inhalation of vapors of decoctions of medicinal herbs (eucalyptus, chamomile, St. John's wort, pine cones);
  • Gargling with a warm solution of salt and soda - ½ teaspoon of salt and soda per glass of warm boiled water;
  • Beekeeping products as a general tonic (rinsing with propolis solution, eating pollen, honey);
  • Warming drink of warm milk with honey, hot (but not scalding!) tea with lemon, or chamomile tea;
  • Strengthening the immune system using an alcohol tincture of Echinacea purpurea leaves.

Proven folk remedies for pharyngitis are good because they provide a gentle effect on the body, increasing local and general resistance. However, medicinal plants and beekeeping products can only be used by people who do not suffer from allergies.

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Pharyngitis: symptoms, treatment

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process in the pharyngeal mucosa, which is accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the form of a sore throat and discomfort when swallowing.

Types of disease

There are three sections of the pharynx - the lower, called the laryngopharynx, the middle (oropharynx), and the uppermost (the so-called nasopharynx). Certain manifestations and types of pharyngitis depend on the location of the inflammation. However, if the disease begins with an acute period, then it is difficult to make a specific division of symptoms, since all three departments are affected almost simultaneously.

The infection (regardless of its nature - viral or bacterial) is migratory in nature, but more often it is descending: it descends from the nasopharynx to the hypopharynx. This process is clearly visible from the morphological changes in the mucosa, so an otolaryngologist with a high degree of probability can determine the current localization of inflammation.

There are two main types of pharyngitis - acute and chronic.

Acute pharyngitis

In the acute form, the disease develops rapidly. It is provoked by infection, as well as contributing factors: smoking, exposure to cold, irritation of the throat, drinking alcohol. You can also observe acute pharyngitis as a concomitant disease with various respiratory infectious diseases or gastrointestinal disorders.

The most common viral etiology of acute pharyngitis. About a third of all cases are caused by a bacterial infection. The patient's pharynx swells in one or two areas, infiltration of the mucous membrane occurs, and desquamation of the epithelium occurs. It is important to prevent complications of the process, since inflammation can spread to the auditory tubes.

Swelling of the follicles of the posterior wall of the pharynx and their drainage provoke granulosa pharyngitis, a type of acute disease. In addition to a viral or bacterial pathogen, pharyngitis can also provoke a fungal infection of the mucous membrane. In this case, fungal pharyngitis develops. Cases of allergic pharyngitis have also been described, a condition in which an allergic reaction takes the form of inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa.

As a result of damage to the mucous membrane in any part of the throat, traumatic pharyngitis can develop. The inflammatory process is a response to prolonged or severe one-time mechanical irritation of the upper layer of the epithelium. This could be surgery or a foreign body getting into the throat.

The form of pharyngitis, in which acute inflammation develops into a permanent process, is called chronic.

Chronic pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis, in turn, is divided into hypertrophic, atrophic and catarrhal.

  1. Hypertrophic pharyngitis is accompanied by changes in all layers of the pharyngeal mucosa; it thickens, increasing the amount of epithelium. Dense mucosa, on which the blood and lymph vessels are dilated, is the main sign of hypertrophy in pharyngitis. Also during this process, expansion of lymphoid formations is observed, neighboring lymph granules merge with each other, and hypersecretion appears. All this occurs on the back or side walls of the pharynx.
  2. Atrophic form , on the contrary, means thinning of the mucosa. It is dry and the glands become smaller.
  3. Catarrhal pharyngitis is distinguished by diffuse venous hyperemia. At the same time, stasis of small-caliber veins, perivascular infiltration and pastosity of the pharyngeal mucosa can occur.

The main causes and factors of pharyngitis

The main reasons for the development of pharyngitis are considered to be prolonged inhalation of cold air (in severe frost), irritation of the throat with chemicals (for example, alcohol when drinking alcohol), and air pollution.

The infectious etiology of the disease is observed when the body is damaged by viruses, bacteria (microbes) and fungi.

Also considered contributing factors are:

  • smoking;
  • violation of nasal breathing;
  • unfavorable climate;
  • bad ecology;
  • gastrointestinal diseases;
  • dental problems;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • hormonal imbalances;
  • eating very cold or too hot food.

The chronic form of the disease occurs when the acute stage is not treated correctly, and also when the true cause of pharyngitis has not been established.

Prolonged irritation of the pharynx provokes a chronic disease. Repeated inflammation or expansion of the localization of the process may occur. The most obvious cause of this type of pharyngitis is various infectious diseases that occur in a chronic form, for example, tuberculosis.

Signs and symptoms of pharyngitis

The most pronounced symptom of acute pharyngitis is pain when swallowing. This is especially felt when the throat is empty, when the dryness irritates the mucous membrane. There may also be an increase in temperature, general weakness, and soreness. Sometimes discomfort can spread to the ear area.

Important: the symptoms of pharyngitis are very similar to other serious infectious diseases, so it is important to establish the etiology of the disease in time, excluding measles, scarlet fever, and rubella.

In its chronic form, pharyngitis manifests itself as a lump in the throat, when there is often a desire to clear the larynx and cough. All this may be accompanied by malaise, and body temperature often rises. Among the important symptoms is a cough; it always has typical signs: dryness, tearing, with special emphasis on the throat area. A person is forced to constantly swallow mucus that forms on the back wall of the larynx. This causes a lot of inconvenience, the quality of life and sleep is disrupted, irritability and nervousness appear.

Please note: chronic pharyngitis rarely occurs as an independent disease. Basically, this is only a consequence of more serious problems, for example, with the gastrointestinal tract.

It is necessary to examine the body for diseases such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis and gastritis. If they are detected, then until complete recovery it is vain to fight chronic pharyngitis. Its symptoms will persist as long as the affected area exists in the body.

Complications of the disease

The most obvious complication of acute pharyngitis is its progression to a chronic form. This is possible with ineffective treatment or no treatment at all.

The list of complications also includes the following diseases:

  1. Retropharyngeal abscess.
  2. Tracheitis.
  3. Acute articular rheumatism.
  4. Peritonsillar abscess.
  5. Chronical bronchitis.
  6. Laryngitis.
  7. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
  8. Inflammation of the auditory tube, as well as the inner ear.
  9. Cervical lymphadenitis.
  10. Sialadenitis.

Diagnostics

To diagnose pharyngitis in a timely manner, you need to visit an otolaryngologist (ENT). He examines the patient’s pharynx, assesses the condition of the mucous membrane and oral cavity. You may also need a pharyngoscopy or a referral for a microbiological analysis, a blood test for antibodies to streptococcal bacteria.

When diagnosing pharyngitis, it is imperative to exclude acute tonsillitis, since the symptoms of these two diseases are very similar.

Treatment of pharyngitis

If the disease is local in nature, without significantly affecting the general well-being of the patient, symptomatic therapy is sufficient. It includes a diet, warm compresses on the neck and legs, drinking milk, steam inhalation, gargling and irrigating the throat.

Antimicrobial agents are actively used in the form of lozenges, lozenges, insufflations, solutions for inhalation and rinsing.

Medicines and preparations for the treatment of pharyngitis

The most commonly used tablets, lozenges and lozenges are “Neo-angin”, “Septolete”, “Strepsils”, “Hexaliz”, “Faringosept”. Iodine-containing drugs are also prescribed: “Iodinol”, “Vocadine”, “Yox”. Sulfonamides are also effective: Ingalipt, Bikarmint.

For cases of advanced pharyngitis, antibiotics are needed, for example, from a number of natural or synthetic penicillins, as well as cephalosporins. The latter are used if pharyngitis is quite advanced, has caused complications and significantly affects the patient’s condition.

Tetracycline antibiotics are rarely used today, but they can be prescribed if the body is resistant to other types of antibacterial drugs.

A relatively new medicine, Imudon, is a polyvalent complex with lysates of fungi and bacteria that cause acute bacterial pharyngitis. For gargling, Hexoral is used, which has an antimicrobial and analgesic effect, which significantly reduces the degree of discomfort when swallowing.

Treatment of pharyngitis with folk remedies

At home, you can prepare herbal infusions and rinses based on traditional medicine recipes. This treatment of pharyngitis will alleviate the patient’s condition and enhance the effect of traditional medications. All medications used should be previously discussed and agreed upon with your doctor.

Here are a few recipes that can be used to relieve symptoms of pharyngitis:

  1. A collection is prepared from peppermint, oak bark and lavender flowers. The proportion is 2:4:1. One teaspoon of crushed herbs is poured into a thermos with boiling water and left for about 4 hours. The decoction is gargled or inhaled.
  2. Chamomile flowers (2 parts) and calamus bark (1 part) are mixed and poured with boiling water at the rate of 1 tablespoon per glass of water. After several hours of infusion, filter the liquid and gargle.
  3. Another recipe for rinsing is an infusion of elm leaf bark. A teaspoon of crushed bark is poured into 1 tbsp. boiling water, and after two hours of infusion, filter and carry out regular rinsing until the patient’s condition alleviates.

Diet

If you have symptoms of pharyngitis and during treatment of the disease, you should monitor the temperature of food. It shouldn't be hot or cold. It is also important to avoid hard foods that can mechanically irritate the pharynx. Food must be chewed thoroughly, because during a long stay in the mouth it will acquire a normal temperature and consistency for the body.

It is important to enrich the diet with foods containing calcium, magnesium, iodine, zinc.

Features of the course of the disease and treatment of pharyngitis in children

In young patients, pharyngitis is more complicated because its diagnosis is difficult. Often, the symptoms of an inflammatory process in the pharynx are accompanied by a runny nose, wheezing, and a dry, painful cough. Pharyngitis in children can often be confused with other diseases, for example, bronchial asthma. It is very important to carry out correct and timely differential diagnosis.

Important: when treating the disease, it is worth taking into account the characteristics of the body up to 2 years of age. Such children should not be prescribed throat irrigation with a spray. This can lead to spasm, which, in turn, sometimes causes respiratory arrest.

Features of pharyngitis in pregnant women

Since the treatment of pharyngitis is predominantly local, that is, drugs that are not absorbed into the bloodstream are used, there are no special instructions for the treatment of pregnant women.

However, it is worth knowing that pharyngitis during pregnancy may require antibacterial therapy, which is contraindicated during this period. In this case, the appropriateness of using antibiotics is determined by the doctor, correlating the benefits and effects of taking the drugs with the potential risk for the mother and fetus.

Prevention

In order to prevent the body, you should take care of your immunity. You need to regularly consume vitamins and vitamin-containing vegetables and fruits, propolis preparations, and beekeeping products.

It is useful to be near the sea and breathe iodine vapor. It never hurts to carry out gentle hardening. However, it must be started strictly in the warm season.

Trofimova Yaroslava, medical observer

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Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process of the pharyngeal mucosa of an acute or chronic nature. Pharyngitis is manifested by soreness, discomfort and pain in the throat.

It is customary to divide pharyngitis into types according to the localization of inflammation. The human pharynx has three sections - the nasopharynx (upper section), oropharynx (middle section) and hypopharynx (lower section). But such a division in most cases will be only conditional, because with the development of acute pharyngitis, diffuse damage to the mucous membrane occurs. The defeat of bacterial and viral infections occurs migratoryly and is mainly of a descending nature. If a patient develops chronic pharyngitis, then inflammation occurs in one of the above sections of the pharynx.

Causes of pharyngitis

Basically, pharyngitis in children and adults occurs due to inhalation of too cold or polluted air. Pharyngitis can also be triggered by some irritations with chemicals - tobacco, alcohol, etc. Infectious pharyngitis occurs due to exposure to microbes - streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci. It also develops under the influence of a number of viruses and fungi. Sometimes the manifestation of pharyngitis causes the spread of infection from a focus of inflammation located near the pharynx. Pharyngitis often occurs in patients with rhinitis, sinusitis, and caries.

In some cases, the development of chronic pharyngitis occurs due to the presence of pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. This is possible with cholecystitis, gastritis, pancreatitis. Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis manifests itself as a consequence of acidic stomach contents entering the pharynx during sleep if a person has progressive gastroesophageal reflux disease. In such a situation, it is important to initially eliminate the underlying ailment. Also, heavy smoking is often the cause of atrophic changes in the pharyngeal mucosa.

The development of pharyngitis is often observed in people who suffer from constant difficulty breathing through the nose. The development of pharyngitis is directly influenced by constant mouth breathing and the effect of vasoconstrictor drops that flow into the pharynx.

Chronic pharyngitis also sometimes develops as a consequence of allergies, as well as in patients with various endocrine disorders, diabetes mellitus, as well as heart, pulmonary and renal failure.

Types of pharyngitis

The classification of chronic pharyngitis is carried out according to the nature of the changes that appear in the mucous membrane. There are catarrhal (simple), atrophic (subatrophic) and hypertrophic pharyngitis. Quite often there is a combination of different types of pharyngitis. In this case, a mixed form of the disease is determined.

The most common form of acute pharyngitis is the catarrhal form of the disease due to ARVI. In general, about 70% of pharyngitis occurs as a result of exposure to various viruses - coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Most often, pharyngitis develops under the influence of rhinoviruses. However, a viral infection causes only the primary development of the disease, which subsequently develops under the influence of a bacterial infection. In more rare cases, pharyngitis can also develop under the influence of other viruses.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

As the disease develops, a person experiences severe symptoms of pharyngitis. This disease is characterized by a pronounced sore throat, a feeling of constant dryness and discomfort. The patient may complain of pain during swallowing, which is most pronounced with an empty throat. Sometimes the development of pharyngitis is associated with severe general malaise and an increase in body temperature. If pharyngitis causes inflammation of the tubopharyngeal ridges, the patient may experience pain in the ears. During palpation of the cervical lymph nodes, the patient may feel their soreness and enlargement. There is also hyperemia of the posterior wall of the pharynx and arches of the palate. However, inflammation of the tonsils, which occurs with angina, is not observed.

With chronic pharyngitis, there is no increase in body temperature, and the patient’s general well-being does not deteriorate significantly. A person constantly feels a dry throat, soreness and a sensation of a lump in the throat, which causes him a constant desire to clear his throat. With pharyngitis, the patient has a persistent dry cough, which differs significantly from the cough with bronchitis. The constant feeling of discomfort in the chronic form of pharyngitis also causes the need to constantly swallow mucus, which accumulates on the back wall of the pharynx. As a result, the person becomes very irritable and cannot sleep normally and do normal activities without being distracted.

Symptoms of atrophic pharyngitis are expressed by severe dryness of the pharynx. Its mucous membrane is thinned, sometimes it is covered with dried mucus. Sometimes injected vessels are visible on the surface of the mucosa. Hypertrophic pharyngitis is characterized by the presence of foci of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the pharynx. The tubopharyngeal ridges may also become enlarged. With an exacerbation of the disease, hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane are added to these symptoms of pharyngitis.

Chronic pharyngitis in children is sometimes expressed not only by a constant dry cough, but also by the presence of wheezing. Therefore, during examination, the doctor must clearly differentiate this condition from bronchial asthma.

Complications of pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis often becomes a complication of acute pharyngitis, which was not cured in time. At the same time, the chronic form of the disease over time provokes the development of a number of other unpleasant diseases. With streptococcal pharyngitis, a complication can be a peritonsillar abscess, in which there is soreness in the throat, unilateral swelling and erythema.

Complications of chronic pharyngitis often include laryngitis and tracheitis (respectively, inflammation of the larynx and trachea). A manifestation of chronic bronchitis is also possible.

Some forms of pharyngitis (in particular, the form of the disease caused by group A b-hemolytic streptococcus) subsequently also provoke the development of acute articular rheumatism in humans.

Another unpleasant complication of chronic pharyngitis is a general decrease in quality of life. A patient with a chronic form of the disease cannot speak for a long time. Therefore, for people whose profession involves the need to give lectures and other types of public speaking, such an illness can become a very big problem. In case of chronic pharyngitis, tonsil removal is contraindicated. Therefore, inflammation can worsen over time, and as a result, the timbre of a person’s voice changes noticeably.

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

An experienced otorhinolaryngologist can diagnose both acute and chronic pharyngitis without much difficulty. Initially, it is necessary to examine the patient. For this purpose, pharyngoscopy is performed - examination of the mucous membrane of the patient's throat. In some cases, the patient is prescribed additional bacteriological or virological testing. To carry it out, a throat swab is used.

It should be noted that if there are symptoms of pharyngitis, patients rarely immediately turn to a specialist, preferring to treat the disease with home remedies or take medications without a doctor’s prescription. But even with some relief of the condition, the cause of pharyngitis will not be eliminated. That is why it is important to conduct a timely examination and prescribe the correct treatment for pharyngitis.

Treatment of pharyngitis

If a patient is diagnosed with acute pharyngitis or a sharp exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease has occurred, and there are no significant disorders in the person’s general condition, then in this case symptomatic treatment of pharyngitis is used. It is important that the patient follows a diet for some period, without eating foods that irritate the mucous membrane. During the acute period, you should not eat hot and very cold foods, sour and salty foods. It is equally important to drink plenty of fluids to enhance the removal of toxins from the body. You need to drink at least two liters of different drinks per day. Hot baths for the feet and warming compresses placed on the front of the neck are indicated. You can use steam inhalations made at home, and also drink warm milk with honey. It is very important to completely quit smoking during your illness. For uncomplicated pharyngitis, antibiotic treatment is not practiced.

Sometimes the doctor prescribes local antimicrobial drugs, as well as antibacterial agents. For pharyngitis, an antiseptic drug is usually prescribed - this can be hexetidine, chlorhexidine, benzydamine, ambazone, etc. Local anesthetics and essential oils (tetracaine, lidocaine, menthol) are also used. It is possible to use drugs containing natural antiseptics and vitamins.

Antimicrobial agents are used for gargling, in the form of inhalations, insufflations, tablets and lozenges. It is important that drugs that have a broad spectrum of action against microbes and viruses are applied to the mucous membrane. However, they should not be toxic, causing irritation and allergic reactions.

Preparations in the form of lozenges are usually prescribed for mild forms of pharyngitis. It is important to note that most of these drugs contain chlorhexidine, which is a toxic substance. Therefore, excessive doses of drugs and their uncontrolled use should not be allowed. The latter especially concerns children.

Some drugs containing, for example, propolis, iodine derivatives, sulfonamides can cause allergic reactions. Medicines that contain essential oils and herbal antiseptics can also provoke allergies in some patients.

To reduce pain in the throat, you can use non-hot solutions of furacillin and a light solution of potassium permanganate for gargling. During the acute period, rinsing can be done every hour.

If pharyngitis occurs too often in a person, then this is direct evidence of problems with the body’s defenses. Therefore, treatment of pharyngitis should in some cases include correction of immunity.

Therefore, only a doctor should prescribe the optimal drug for the treatment of pharyngitis, guided by its antimicrobial activity, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient.

Treatment of pharyngitis with folk remedies

Traditional medicine can also tell you how to treat pharyngitis. There are a number of herbal decoctions that can be used both for oral use and for gargling. As a drink in acute conditions, it is advisable to use a decoction of raspberry leaves, chamomile, mint, and blackberry tea.

To prepare a herbal mixture that is effective in treating pharyngitis and is used for rinsing, you can take sage and mint leaves, chamomile flowers, and fennel fruits in equal parts. One tablespoon of the crushed collection should be poured with a glass of boiling water and left for twenty minutes.

Another collection is prepared in the same way, which includes calamus root, flax seeds, chamomile flowers, and sweet clover herb.

Treatment of pharyngitis with folk remedies also involves the use of some decoctions and infusions of herbs for inhalation. For this purpose, infusions of chamomile, oak bark, sage, pine buds, and calendula are often used. To prepare herbal infusions that are used for inhalation, you should take 10 g of crushed raw materials per glass of boiling water. Such inhalations last five minutes and can be done several times a day, using different herbs.

In addition, for any form of pharyngitis, traditional medicine recommends gargling with raw potato juice, an infusion of blueberry leaves and a decoction of berries.

If a person suffers from atrophic pharyngitis, then oil inhalations can improve his condition. Peach, olive, and menthol oils are suitable for such inhalation. You can prepare a solution for inhalation at the rate of 5-10 drops of oil per glass of boiling water. You need to inhale the vapors through a funnel-shaped tube several times a day.

Soda inhalations (one teaspoon of soda per glass of water) significantly soften dry throat.

Prevention of pharyngitis

To prevent pharyngitis, it is important to ensure general hardening of the body, try to avoid the influence of harmful factors, and also get rid of bad habits - smoking, alcohol abuse. If a person, for certain reasons, experiences difficulty in nasal breathing, then this problem must be adequately treated in order to avoid pharyngitis in the future. It is equally important to eliminate all dental problems in a timely manner and treat dental caries. It is also necessary to restore the body’s impaired defenses, for which in some cases medications with immunocorrector properties are prescribed.

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after. M.I. Pirogov and internship at his base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 – worked as a pharmacist and manager of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded diplomas and decorations for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

For example, I use Lizobact to treat a sore throat. This antiseptic is completely natural, no chemicals. You need to dissolve 2 tablets. 4 times a day, it gets rid of all kinds of bacteria well, and even strengthens a person’s own immunity.

I treat pharyngitis with Joset syrup, despite the fact that I don’t really like menthol. But it helps very quickly, it is sweet and you don’t have to swallow pills.

Inna: Usually, insomnia occurs for me due to some kind of experience and when you lie down, it’s not.

Olesya: I tried glycine forte, which is more expensive in the price category, but the dosage is the same.

Andrey: Not a word is said about choosing the size of stockings according to a person’s parameters: height, leg size, etc.

Olga: For coxarthrosis of the 2nd degree, I have been injecting for 4 years at the rate (after 6 months), there is no improvement.

All materials presented on the site are for reference and informational purposes only and cannot be considered a treatment method prescribed by a doctor or sufficient advice.

The site administration and the authors of the articles are not responsible for any losses and consequences that may arise when using the site materials.

Source: http://medside.ru/faringit

Subatrophic pharyngitis: a method of treating the disease

Subatrophic pharyngitis is a manifestation of a general disease of the body. In order to relieve aggravation and alleviate a person’s well-being, it is necessary to identify the source of the problem and carry out comprehensive treatment of the body.

Causes of the disease

Chronic subatrophic pharyngitis is a protracted, sluggish disease localized in the pharyngeal mucosa.

Subatrophic pharyngitis - chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa

There are many reasons for the development of the disease, but they can be divided into several groups:

  1. Physico-chemical effects: coal dust, emissions of harmful metals, dry hot air, prolonged speech activity. Workers at heavy industry enterprises, welders, miners, and teachers are susceptible to the disease.
  2. Gastrointestinal diseases - atrophic pharyngitis provoke chronic gastritis, esophagitis (inflammation of the esophageal mucosa), pancreatitis, intestinal dysbiosis.
  3. Disorders of the nervous and endocrine system - hyperthyroidism, depression, increased anxiety, neuralgia of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve.
  4. Autoimmune diseases - Sjögren's disease, nasopharyngeal scleroma.
  5. Other reasons: anemia, diabetes mellitus, old age, congenital dysfunction of the salivary glands, oncological processes in the larynx.

The symptoms of atrophic pharyngitis are varied and will depend on the true cause of the disease. Most often, a person feels dry mouth, burning, and an unpleasant lump in the throat.

In case of disorders of the endocrine system with hyperthyroidism, discomfort in the throat and a feeling of constriction are noted.

Associated signs will indicate hyperthyroidism: hand tremors, weight loss, aggressiveness, sweating. The nervous system will manifest itself with so-called paresthesias - altered sensitivity of nerve endings and subjective complaints.

A person is able to feel a whole bunch of different symptoms - burning, goosebumps, itching, a lump in the throat, numbness, stabbing pain. Symptoms will depend on the activity of the nervous system and the imagination of the patient himself.

More information on how to treat chronic pharyngitis can be found in the video:

Changes in the nervous system may occur under the following circumstances:

  • Prolonged stress at work, for example, when delivering an urgent order or personality conflicts at work.
  • An acute psychotraumatic situation - the death of a close relative or friend, loss of a job. For women, miscarriage or abortion is often a traumatic factor.
  • With a severe cold, inflammation of the vagus, glossopharyngeal or trigeminal nerve may begin.

Diseases of the nervous system are dangerous in Russia, since there is no culture of seeking help from a psychotherapist and psychiatrist. The patient will be sent repeatedly for psychotherapeutic help, but only a few will reach the right doctor, and the person will not stop coming to the otolaryngologist.

Autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's disease and nasopharyngeal scleroma are accompanied by complete atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa.

Symptoms of subatrophic pharyngitis

Sjögren's disease is a serious disease involving the salivary glands and damage to the connective tissue in the pathological process. The onset of the disease occurs more often during menopause in women, but representatives of the stronger sex can also get sick. A person develops a peculiar set of symptoms called xerostomia or “dry mouth”: dryness in the mouth, tongue, “stubs” in the corners of the mouth, difficulty swallowing food in advanced cases. Making a diagnosis of Sjogren's disease is not particularly difficult, since the complaints will be specific. The patient complains of weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth and eyes, frequent conjunctivitis and “sand” in the eyes, in women itching and dryness in the vagina. Disorders of the kidneys, respiratory and digestive systems also occur with the formation of chronic diseases: gastritis, pancreatitis, glomerulonephritis and chronic bronchitis.

Nasopharyngeal scleroma is a chronic disease caused by the Frisch-Wolkovich bacillus. A serious illness both physically and psychologically. Complaints increase gradually and scleroma is often detected already in the advanced stage of the disease. A person experiences dryness in the mouth and nasal passages, and dry mucopurulent crusts form. Then, small gray nodules form in the thickness of the mucosa, which do not resolve, but turn into scar tissue. Complaints include a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing and breathing. The disease is difficult to treat, and therapy is aimed at making a person’s life easier, since complete remission is almost impossible.

Anemia and diabetes mellitus also cause dryness of the oral mucosa and gradual atrophy of the mucous membrane. In old age, due to the involution of all organs and systems, the salivary glands cease to wet the mouth, the pharyngeal mucosa dries out and undergoes atrophic processes. Therefore, old people often complain about the lack of saliva and cannot swallow a large tablet without washing it down with water.

Diagnostics

To identify the source of the problem, a person must undergo a wide range of examinations:

  1. General blood test - allows you to identify inflammatory and allergic processes in the body. CBC is indispensable in the diagnosis of anemia and helps in differentiating viral and bacterial infections.
  2. A general urine test will show the level of protein, sugar and specific gravity. This is necessary to diagnose diabetes and problems with the urinary system.
  3. A biochemical blood test will reveal problems with the gastrointestinal tract. An increase in bilirubin levels indicates liver disease; a high level of amylase occurs when the pancreas is inflamed. An increase in the amount of creatinine requires a kidney examination; an increase in ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase will indicate the presence of problems with the gallbladder.
  4. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is an examination of the stomach, which is often feared by people who only know it from friends’ stories. In fact, the examination is unpleasant, but painless. You need to come on an empty stomach and swallow the probe - with its help, the doctor examines the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Chronic gastritis is one of the most common causes of atrophic pharyngitis.
  5. Ultrasound of internal organs is a painless procedure that can reliably detect diseases of the liver, pancreas and other vital organs.
  6. X-ray of the esophagus and stomach with contrast is a painless examination, but a significant disadvantage is the high radiation exposure, since several X-ray images are taken. This study reveals the functional activity of the stomach and helps to detect a hiatal hernia, which cannot be detected with FGS.
  7. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland is a necessary procedure to identify nodes and hypertrophy (increase in size) of the organ. It is carried out after examination by an endocrinologist. If necessary, a person is tested for thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine, thyroxine and antibodies to the gland.
  8. X-ray of the skull - allows you to exclude a brain tumor, which can also cause paresthesia.
  9. Tomographic examination of the larynx to exclude neoplasms.
  10. Magnetic resonance and computed tomography of the brain and neck are highly accurate methods that make it possible to exclude oncological processes with a 100% guarantee.

Drug treatment of pathology

It is very difficult to treat the disease, so the doctor determines the therapy!

Treatment of atrophic pharyngitis should be comprehensive - they provide a local effect and treat the underlying disease.

Local treatment includes lubricating and irrigating the pharynx with various medications; we will analyze the most effective:

  • Strepsils Plus is a red spray with a specific odor. Used for exacerbation of atrophic pharyngitis, quickly relieves pain and destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Disadvantage: cannot be used by patients allergic to lidocaine.
  • Vinilin is a balm that has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. Apply 2 times a day to the tonsils and back of the throat for a week. For atrophic pharyngitis caused by gastritis or esophagitis, you can also take half or a whole teaspoon orally at night. Quickly relieves inflammation of the pharynx and stomach. The downside is that it tastes extremely unpleasant and can cause nausea and vomiting in people with a high gag reflex.
  • Various lozenges Doctor MOM, Septolete, Strepsils, Sage and Eucalyptus - make a person feel better, providing a slight anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Rinsing with various herbs: chamomile, calendula - have a good antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect. There are no downsides and can be used even by pregnant women.

General treatment

Important! We eat foods that do not injure the inflamed tissues of the throat

Includes all drug therapy aimed at the source of the problem:

  1. For diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially with exacerbation of gastritis, pancreatitis, Almagel has proven itself well - the drug has an analgesic effect, envelops the wall of the esophagus and stomach, reduces the aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid, and relieves inflammation. The patient feels the effect within a few minutes after administration. Use a measuring spoon 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
  2. Omeprazole is a unique drug that can protect the stomach from aggressive substances (for example, drugs), but the mechanism of its operation is not fully understood. Able to reduce the release of hydrochloric acid and general gastric secretion, providing a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.
  3. For lovers of spicy and fatty foods and those suffering from pancreatitis, Pancreatin will come to the rescue. Take TB 15 minutes before meals during the acute period for about a month, then use it before a large meal - the drug reduces the load on the pancreas, since it is a synthetic analogue of its enzyme.

The most important thing in the treatment of subatrophic pharyngitis is diet. Do not drink coffee or strong drinks that irritate the mucous membrane of the dish. These include dishes with a lot of spices and seasonings, smoked and spicy foods, and nuts. During the period of remission, it is advisable to lubricate the mucous membrane with olive or peach oil; you can also instill them through the nose.

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Comments (1)

Tatiana

09.19.2017 at 19:40 | #

There are many reasons that provoke this unpleasant disease and how many examinations need to be done. This happens to me during periods of exacerbation of gastritis. To lubricate the mucous membrane, I use rosehip oil.

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