Bilateral pharyngitis

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Pharyngitis - photos, symptoms and treatment in adults

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx, the part of the throat that lies just behind the roof of the mouth and extends to the Adam's apple (larynx). The inflammation usually occurs when viruses (or sometimes bacteria) from a cold, flu, or sinus infection get into the throat.

Table of contents:

With pharyngitis, symptoms are manifested by soreness, a feeling of a “lump” and a sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, a dry cough, and fever.

In most cases, a complete cure is possible, and the transition from an acute process to a chronic one is possible. Less commonly, serious complications may occur: rheumatic damage to the heart and joints.

Depending on what pathogen caused pharyngitis (virus or bacteria), treatment is prescribed, since bacterial inflammation must be treated with antibiotics, which are selected by the doctor, and viral inflammation goes away on its own and requires only symptomatic treatment.

This pathology very rarely occurs in isolation; it is mainly combined with acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. We will look at pharyngitis, symptoms and treatment of the disease in this article.

Causes

In approximately 70% of cases, the cause of pharyngitis is a virus, the remaining 30% is shared by bacteria and pathogenic fungi, as well as allergens. Separately, traumatic damage can be distinguished. Such pharyngitis, the causes of which are listed above, is acute and has a very favorable prognosis for the patient.

The transition of the disease to a chronic form is noted during a long-term course of frequent (especially untreated) respiratory infections by the addition of bacterial inflammation to the primary viral infection.

To cure pharyngitis, you should stop smoking at the first symptoms and consult a doctor for advice.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

In the case of acute pharyngitis, symptoms include fever (slight or up to 37.5 degrees), painful swallowing, dry throat, dry cough, redness of the throat, and the presence of mucopurulent plaque on the walls of the throat (see photo).

When diagnosed with chronic pharyngitis, symptoms are not accompanied by fever. As a rule, there are complaints of soreness, a tickling, scratching or burning sensation in the throat, dry throat, pain when swallowing, dry cough, and the need to cough up thick and viscous mucus.

With pharyngitis, symptoms in adults can be combined with signs of a concomitant disease: ARVI, influenza, etc. Symptoms of acute pharyngitis are sometimes mistaken for signs of tonsillitis (tonsillitis). It may get worse from time to time. Moreover, its symptoms manifest themselves similarly to those of the acute phase.

Signs of the atrophic type are expressed by severe dryness of the pharynx. Its mucous membrane is thinned, sometimes it is covered with dried mucus. Sometimes injected vessels are visible on the surface of the mucosa. The hypertrophic type is characterized by the presence of foci of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the pharynx. The tubopharyngeal ridges may also become enlarged. In case of exacerbation of the disease, hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane are added to these symptoms.

Chronic pharyngitis in children is sometimes expressed not only by a constant dry cough, but also by the presence of wheezing. Therefore, during examination, the doctor must clearly differentiate this condition from bronchial asthma. How to treat pharyngitis will depend on the cause of its occurrence, so you should not self-medicate.

Pharyngitis in children

Pharyngitis is very severe in young children; this disease is especially dangerous for babies under one year old. Sometimes OF in children is accompanied by an increase in temperature up to 400. Due to a sore throat, the child refuses to eat. Swelling of the mucous membrane can cause symptoms of suffocation. The presence of a focus of inflammation in the pharynx in young children often leads to the development of acute otitis media.

An attempt at self-treatment can cause irreparable harm to the child’s fragile body. At the slightest suspicion of OF in a baby, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Factors contributing to the development of the chronic form

  • constitutional features of the structure of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and the entire gastrointestinal tract;
  • prolonged exposure to exogenous factors (dust, hot dry or smoky air, chemicals);
  • difficulty breathing through the nose (breathing through the mouth, abuse of decongestants);
  • smoking and alcohol abuse;
  • allergy;
  • endocrine disorders (menopause, hypothyroidism, etc.);
  • vitamin deficiency A;
  • diabetes mellitus, pulmonary, renal and heart failure.

Prevention

Avoid staying in dry, very dusty and smoky rooms, strictly exclude alcohol, smoking, hot and spicy foods, cold drinks and, of course, try to talk less. In the prevention and treatment of pharyngitis in adults, the elimination of various harmful factors that negatively affect the pharyngeal mucosa is of great importance.

Treatment of pharyngitis

First of all, treatment of pharyngitis involves eliminating the factor that provoked the disease. With the help of antibiotics, this is achieved in the case of a bacterial type of disease, and in the case of pharyngitis which was caused by prolonged inhalation of irritants or smoke, the use of personal protection methods or a change in work.

In case of acute and exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis, not accompanied by pronounced disorders of the general condition, symptomatic treatment is sufficient, including a gentle diet, hot foot baths, warm compresses on the front surface of the neck, milk with honey, steam inhalations and gargling.

  1. You need to gargle at least 6 times a day, if possible, every hour. For rinsing, use furatsilin, diluted 1:5000 or alkaline solutions.
  2. Exclude irritating foods (hot, cold, sour, spicy, salty) from the diet. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids up to 1.5-2 liters per day. Smoking should be stopped.
  3. Combination preparations are used based on vegetable oils with the addition of antiseptics in the form of sprays (ingalipt, angilex, chlorophyllipt, etc.), which must be regularly applied to the inflamed mucous membrane of the pharyngeal cavity at least 3-4 times a day.
  4. Lozenges containing sulfonamides (Septifril, Faringosept).
  5. For a viral infection, taking antibiotics is not recommended; they are prescribed by a doctor only when a bacterial or fungal pathogen is identified.

For chronic pharyngitis, treatment begins with the sanitation of foci of chronic infection of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. If ineffective, surgical sanitation is possible strictly according to indications. In hypertrophic forms, areas of hypertrophy (hyperplasia) must be cauterized, cryodestruction and laser coagulation must be used.

Antibiotics for pharyngitis

For preventive purposes, in order to prevent the development of complications of bacterial etiology, indications for the use of antibiotics for pharyngitis are:

  • development of bacterial tonsillitis, or exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis;
  • facts indicating the danger of developing pneumonia;
  • inflammatory disease of the bronchi (especially the obstructive form);
  • purulent otitis media;
  • spread of infection to the sinuses;
  • febrile conditions lasting more than 2 days, or earlier, at the discretion of the doctor;
  • low-grade fever that persists for more than 5-6 days;
  • prolonged course of pharyngitis (more than a month).

Antibiotics for acute pharyngitis are prescribed, as a rule, from the penicillin series. Less commonly, oral cephalosporins (cefazolin, ceftriaxone) can be used.

How to treat pharyngitis at home

Among the folk remedies for treating pharyngitis at home, the following are widely used:
  1. It is recommended to inhale steamed potatoes or rinse with fresh potato juice.
  2. Gargling, inhalation with herbs: chamomile, sage, calendula, eucalyptus.
  3. To restore the mucous membrane, which is necessary for subatrophic pharyngitis, it is good to lubricate the throat with rosehip or peach oil.
  4. Home treatment for pharyngitis with propolis. 30 drops of 30% propolis tincture in 0.5 cups of warm water - use for rinsing. This folk remedy is best used to treat acute forms of the disease.
  5. As an antipyretic for pharyngitis, you can use linden decoction, raspberry tea, and wild strawberry.
  6. Warming drink of warm milk with honey, hot (but not scalding!) tea with lemon, or chamomile tea;
  7. A blackberry leaf is brewed with a glass of boiling water. This decoction is good for gargling; it is effective for inflammation of the oral mucosa (oral mucosa): pharyngitis, bleeding gums, tonsillitis, laryngitis, etc.

Proven folk remedies for pharyngitis are good because they provide a gentle effect on the body, increasing local and general resistance.

Good to know:

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Laryngitis: symptoms and treatment at home

5 comments

I recently encountered pharyngitis. It’s good that I still have Isla-Moos lozenges at home, so I started taking them. The child was prescribed ENT when his voice was hoarse. It helped him, and by the way, it helped me too. The soreness went away within a day. And after 5 it comes all the unpleasant symptoms.

Yodangin cocoa butter is a good remedy for a sore throat. This is a natural antiviral agent.

Dad was sick, his throat hurt to swallow, it was necessary to urgently treat him, because it was his anniversary in a couple of days, I immediately ran to the pharmacy and took a package of grammidin with an anesthetic, which the pharmacist recommended to me, it not only relieved the pain, but also cured it for my birthday dad.

thanks, I'll take a look at this one

cocoa butter against viruses? Well, I don’t know... But Grammidin is really a thing. These pills always save me when my throat starts to hurt.

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Transcription of analyzes online

Doctors consultation

Fields of Medicine

Popular

This is interesting

Only a qualified doctor can treat diseases.

Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/faringit-simptomy-i-lechenie-u-vzroslyx-2/

Acute pharyngitis

The author of the article is Olga Petrovna Chuklina, general practitioner, therapist. Work experience since 2003.

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process of the pharyngeal mucosa, in which the patient experiences pain and discomfort in the throat.

Causes

The following factors may cause the development of pharyngitis:

  • exposure to bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasma, chlamydia);
  • exposure to viruses (adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, RS virus);
  • exposure to fungi of the genus Candida;
  • contact of irritating substances with the mucous membrane of the pharynx;
  • contact of the allergen with the mucous membrane of the pharynx;
  • injuries to the pharyngeal mucosa.

The main role in the development of acute pharyngitis belongs to viral infections.

Predisposing factors to the development of pharyngitis are:

  • the presence of chronic inflammation in the nasopharynx (otitis media, sinusitis, rhinitis, dental caries);
  • breathing through the mouth in the cold season;
  • living in large cities with polluted air;
  • inhalation of irritating substances in production;
  • smoking;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • frequent hypothermia.

Pharyngitis can be acute or chronic.

Depending on the cause of the development of pharyngitis, they are divided into:

  • bacterial;
  • viral;
  • fungal;
  • allergic;
  • post-traumatic;
  • from exposure to chemical and irritating substances.

Depending on the clinical manifestations and morphological changes in the mucous membranes of the pharynx, the following forms of pharyngitis are distinguished:

  • catarrhal;
  • granulosa or hypertrophic, in which thickening of the pharyngeal mucosa occurs;
  • subatrophic or atrophic, in which thinning of the pharyngeal mucosa occurs.

Granular and atrophic forms of inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa are characteristic of chronic pharyngitis.

Symptoms of acute pharyngitis

Clinical manifestations of the acute form depend on the cause of the disease. Thus, with the viral nature of pharyngitis, in addition to the signs of pharyngitis itself, symptoms of rhinitis, laryngitis, and conjunctivitis are often found.

Pharyngitis begins acutely with signs of intoxication of the body, which includes the following symptoms:

  • temperature increase;
  • general weakness;
  • fast fatiguability;
  • headache;
  • increased fatigue.

Later, local signs of pharyngitis appear:

  • sore throat when swallowing;
  • sore throat;
  • discomfort in the throat;
  • dryness of the mucous membranes of the pharynx.

When examining the mucous membranes of the pharynx, the following symptoms can be detected:

  • redness of the back of the throat;
  • granularity of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

There may also be an increase in regional lymph nodes (submandibular, cervical), and pain occurs when palpated.

Fungal pharyngitis is characterized by the presence of whitish plaques, while the patient’s temperature may be normal or subfebrile (37 - 37.5 degrees).

If pharyngitis is not treated on time or treated incorrectly, the inflammation can spread and the following may occur:

Diagnostics

If signs of the disease are detected, you must consult your local doctor or otolaryngologist.

The diagnosis is made based on the patient’s characteristic complaints and local symptoms of pharyngitis.

The doctor performs a pharyngoscopy (examination of the pharynx), during which you can see:

  • hyperemia of the posterior wall of the pharynx, palatine arches;
  • granularity of the posterior pharyngeal wall;
  • swelling of the mucous membranes of the pharynx.

To clarify the causative agent of pharyngitis, a smear from the pharyngeal mucosa is examined. This study also determines the drugs to which the pathogen is sensitive.

Other tests are carried out:

General blood analysis

  • it may show signs of an inflammatory reaction (increased number of leukocytes, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate);

Immunological studies are carried out to detect antibodies to various infections (if it is impossible to determine the pathogen using a smear from the mucous membranes of the pharynx).

Treatment of acute pharyngitis

Treatment of acute pharyngitis is prescribed by a local doctor or an otolaryngologist.

There are general recommendations for the treatment of acute pharyngitis:

  • drinking plenty of water;
  • exclusion of hot and cold foods;
  • exclusion of spicy, irritating foods;
  • regular ventilation of the room;
  • daily wet cleaning and humidification of inhaled air.

At a body temperature of 38.5 degrees or more, antipyretic drugs are used:

When treating, the etiology of pharyngitis must be taken into account.

If the disease is viral in nature, antiviral drugs are used, but it is worth noting that at the time of publication of the article (April 2016), the effectiveness of antiviral drugs had not been proven:

Antibiotics are used only when the bacterial nature of pharyngitis is proven; the following drugs are prescribed:

Treatment with antibiotics is carried out over a course of 5 to 7 days. Self-medication with antibacterial drugs is unacceptable.

To relieve swelling of the pharyngeal mucosa and in cases of allergic nature of pharyngitis, antihistamines are prescribed:

A good therapeutic effect is achieved with local treatment, which includes:

  • gargling;
  • treatment of the pharynx with various solutions;
  • dissolving tablets and lozenges.

Rinsing is carried out with the following solutions:

Various sprays and aerosols are used to treat the pharynx:

For resorption, medications are used in the form of tablets and lozenges; in addition to the antiseptic effect, they also have an analgesic effect:

Inhalations are carried out using essential oils:

Steam inhalers are used for this.

Attention! Steam inhalations should not be performed at elevated body temperatures.

If started in a timely manner, the duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 days.

Complications

Complications arise from untimely initiation of therapy, self-medication, or non-compliance with the duration of treatment.

Complications arise from the spread of infection to nearby organs.

The most common complications that occur are:

Prevention

Preventive measures for acute pharyngitis include:

  • nasal breathing on the street in the cold season;
  • avoid general and local hypothermia;
  • to give up smoking;
  • increasing the body's defenses;
  • timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx.

With proper and timely treatment of acute pharyngitis, the disease has a favorable prognosis.

Diagnosis by symptoms

Find out your probable illnesses and which doctor you should go to.

Source: http://www.diagnos.ru/diseases/lorr/ostryj_faringit

Rules for the treatment of acute and chronic pharyngitis

This is an inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane and lymph nodes of the throat. The disease is mainly infectious in nature and occurs in acute and chronic forms. It often occurs against the background of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, however, it can manifest itself as an isolated pathological process. How to identify and treat pharyngitis will be discussed further.

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Classification

Depending on how the disease progresses, it is divided into two main types:

  1. The acute form occurs due to penetration of an irritant into the mucous membrane of the throat (infection, allergy, etc.). The acute form is easier to treat.
  2. The chronic form is a consequence of untreated acute pharyngitis, but can occur as an independent disease due to prolonged irritation of the pharynx. Chronic pharyngitis manifests itself in phases of exacerbation and easing of painful manifestations.

Depending on the strength and depth of damage to the mucous membrane of the throat, the acute form is divided into the following types:

  • Catarrhal pharyngitis, which has the following symptoms: swelling, redness of the mucous tissues, the back wall of the pharynx is covered with multiple red follicles, the spaces between which are filled with clear or cloudy mucus. The tongue swells and turns red.
  • The purulent form has similar manifestations, but instead of follicles, ulcers are formed, between which purulent mucus accumulates.

Acute pharyngitis can occur as an independent disease or develop against the background of ailments of the upper airways (runny nose or other inflammations of the nasal mucosa, pharynx).

Classification of the chronic form of the disease depending on the depth of damage to the throat mucosa:

  • Catarrhal has the following symptoms: redness, swelling of the mucous membranes. In some places the throat becomes covered with cloudy mucus.
  • Granular chronic pharyngitis is manifested by a more pronounced degree of redness, swelling, the uvula and soft palate swell.
  • Atrophic is characterized by the fact that the pharyngeal mucosa gradually becomes thinner, it acquires a pale pink tint, sometimes with a slight shine. In some places the mucous membrane is covered with a crust and purulent mucus.

There is lateral granulosa pharyngitis, which is manifested by redness and swelling of the lymphatic tissues located in the inner lateral folds of the pharynx.

Cause of the disease

Most often, acute pharyngitis occurs due to the fact that a person breathes dirty, contaminated or cold air for a long time. Or due to damage to the throat by various irritants. The main causes of the disease:

  • allergy;
  • throat injury that occurred as a result of surgery or contact with a foreign object on the mucous membrane;
  • throat infection in the form of a fungus (candida albicans), virus or microbe.

The acute form occurs due to smoking, alcohol abuse, radiation exposure, burns or chemical damage to the mucous membrane.

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Any inflammatory foci that border the pharynx can cause disease. For example, a runny nose, dental caries, sinusitis or sinusitis.

Typically, chronic pharyngitis occurs against the background of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, but sometimes it occurs as an independent disease. Provoking diseases: cholecystitis, gastritis, pancreatitis. Chronic inflammation occurs after tonsillectomy or due to smoking. Diaphragmatic hernias provoke frequent entry of acidic stomach contents into the throat, which causes chronic inflammation.

Chronic pharyngitis occurs for the following common reasons:

  • runny nose, sinusitis, deformation of the nasal septum;
  • long-term use of adrenergic agonists;
  • individual and constitutional characteristics of the throat mucosa;
  • damage to the mucous membrane by chemicals or cold, hot, dry, dusty air;
  • hormonal imbalance during menopause, diabetes, hypothyroidism;
  • retinol deficiency;
  • allergic reactions, diathesis;
  • alcoholism, smoking;
  • dysfunction of the kidneys, liver, lungs and heart.

Tonsillitis and frequent colds also provoke the development of chronic inflammation of the pharynx.

Symptoms

  • painful sensations in the throat of varying intensity;
  • pain occurs when swallowing;
  • sore, burning or tickling throat;
  • dry type of cough;
  • accumulation of viscous mucus in the throat;
  • headache, fever;
  • weakening;
  • lymph nodes enlarge.

Symptoms of the disease with complications:

  • stuffy and painful ear due to otitis media;
  • severe runny nose and headaches due to sinusitis;
  • the throat hurts, especially when swallowing, the voice becomes hoarse with tonsillitis;
  • the lymph nodes are greatly enlarged and hurt due to purulent lymphadenitis.

Acute pharyngitis in children manifests itself in the same way as in adults. Although the younger category of patients more often suffers from this disease, since their immunity is not yet so reactive. Typical symptoms: redness and swelling of the mucous tissue, which causes pain in the throat, especially when swallowing.

Signs of an inflammatory disease depend on the pathogen:

  • with rhinovirus infection, pain in the throat is not severe, accompanied by inflammation of the nose;
  • adenoviral is characterized by severe pain, herpes tonsillitis, inflammation of the eye mucosa;
  • streptococcal is accompanied by high fever, swelling of the throat, tongue, and palate;
  • the influenza virus is characterized by a feverish state, general poisoning of the body, and minor hemorrhages in the eyes;
  • when infected with the herpes virus, the throat hurts, it becomes covered with a blistering rash, and the temperature rises greatly;
  • with Filatov's disease, which is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a person quickly gets tired, has a headache, a sore throat, the mucous membrane swells, becomes covered with purulent mucus, the lymph nodes, liver and spleen become enlarged;
  • after infection with staphylococcus, the throat and muscles hurt greatly, and the temperature rises.

Symptoms of the acute form of the disease in adults:

  • the pharynx feels dry, and there is a soreness when inhaling;
  • burning, sharp pain at the moment of swallowing;
  • hoarse voice;
  • pain when the throat is empty is transmitted to the nose and ears.

In the infectious form of the disease, the following symptoms are observed: weakness, persistent increase in temperature within 37° - 38°. The patient complains of severe pain and dizziness.

Chronic pharyngitis has the following symptoms:

  • constant discomfort in the throat: dryness, soreness, a lump is felt;
  • dry cough;
  • the back wall of the throat is covered with purulent mucus;
  • general well-being is disturbed and body temperature rises.

Diagnosis

Before starting treatment, you need to make an accurate diagnosis. First of all, pharyngoscopy is performed, which consists of examining the pharynx. Then the doctor collects information about the disease: symptoms and course.

Then laboratory tests are carried out:

  • microflora swab from the throat;
  • biochemical examination of blood and urine to detect diseases of the blood, kidneys, Filatov’s disease.
In order for treatment to be effective, it is necessary to carry out bacteriological diagnostics to identify the causative agent of the disease. To confirm chronic pharyngitis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy is prescribed.

Therapy

Treatment should be comprehensive in order not only to reduce local symptoms, but also to influence the underlying illness that caused pharyngitis. It is necessary to stop the source of inflammation to get rid of discomfort. This can be done with the help of anti-inflammatory and painkillers, as well as antiseptics and antibiotics.

Local treatment involves the use of drugs that moisturize the back of the throat and relieve sensations of dysesthesia (tingling, tickling).

Acute pharyngitis of infectious origin is treated with a complex action spray (antimicrobial, analgesic and antifungal). For example, Umkalor, Anti-Angin, Angilex. Only mild forms of the disease are treated with tablets and lozenges. The antibiotic is selected depending on the causative agent of the infection. If the inflammation is of allergic origin, then histamine receptor blockers are used. Complex treatment of acute pharyngitis involves taking immunomodulatory drugs, which are designed to stimulate the body's defenses to fight the disease.

Chronic pharyngitis is a severe form of the disease, the treatment of which is aimed at identifying foci of infection and sanitizing them. This refers to an infection of the upper airways and oral cavity. In especially severe cases, surgical debridement cannot be avoided. In the hypertrophic form of the disease, cryodestruction and laser coagulation are prescribed.

Symptomatic treatment of atrophic pharyngitis consists of eliminating dry, painful sensations in the throat. Many people use Lugol in the form of a solution or spray for this. The solution is applied to cotton wool and lubricated the throat, and the spray is used to irrigate the source of the disease. Atrophic pharyngitis can be cured using oil-alkaline inhalations or alkaline rinses. In addition, retanol and potassium iodide tablets are prescribed.

If the disease occurs against the background of endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, hormonal imbalances, then it is necessary to consult with relevant specialists regarding treatment.

In order to completely cure a chronic inflammatory process, it is necessary to carry out sanatorium-resort treatment.

Danger

Acute pharyngitis itself has a favorable course; only its complications are dangerous. That is why it is so important to carry out timely and competent treatment of the underlying disease. Main complications:

  • post-infectious glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, heart and kidney failure;
  • phlegmonous sore throat, which affects the peripharyngeal tissue or lymph nodes;
  • mumps;
  • internal otitis, tubo-otitis;
  • inflammation of the larynx, vocal folds;
  • inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, bronchial pneumonia.

Chronic pharyngitis is a complication of untreated acute pharyngitis.

Home treatment

It is possible to cure acute pharyngitis at home, but to do this you must strictly follow the following rules:

  • Rinse your nasopharynx twice a day with sea water. To do this, inhale water through your nose and spit it out with your mouth.
  • Baths with herbs and essential oils will speed up the healing process. To do this, take eucalyptus and thyme essential oils and add 5 drops to a bath or a strong decoction of thyme.
  • Cloves will help cure inflammation at home. Just chew the spice throughout the day at intervals of 3 to 5 hours.
  • Local therapy consists of sucking lozenges. With the help of herbal antiseptics, the pharyngeal mucosa is cleared of infection. Thanks to local anesthetics and menthol, the lollipops also provide pain relief.
  • If you notice typical symptoms of pharyngitis, including pain when swallowing, it’s time to use special rinses.
  • Treatment of an inflamed throat with saline solution will be quite effective. To do this, pour 10 grams of salt with boiled water (0.5 l). Rinse throughout the day.
  • If air humidity is low, install a humidifier in the room.
  • Often inflammation occurs due to damage to the pharynx by the acidic contents of the stomach. To fix this problem, you need to raise the head of the sofa 12 cm higher.
  • Moisten dry throat tissues with water, herbal teas and juices (except citrus fruits). Drink at least 2 liters of liquid.
  • You can cure a sore throat at home using warm compresses. Make a decoction of chamomile flowers, strain, let it brew for 6 minutes. Dip gauze or a small towel into the warm liquid and wrap your throat. Don't forget to squeeze out any excess liquid. When the towel has cooled, remove it.
  • Prepare a medicinal drink. To do this, mix grated horseradish juice - 5 ml, liquid honey - 10 grams, garlic juice - 5 ml in a glass of warm water. Drink once a day or use as a rinse.

Treatment of pharyngitis at home will be especially effective when using inhalation. Use healing decoctions and infusions as a liquid for inhalation:

  • pine cones and needles – 30 g per 180 ml of water;
  • coltsfoot – 5 g, mint – 2 g, string – 4 g per 180 ml;
  • mint and lemon balm in the form of infusion - 1 tbsp. spoon 180 ml.

Consult your doctor about the possibility of home treatment and strictly follow his recommendations.

Preventive measures

It is easier to prevent a problem than to treat it. However, if the first symptoms (stingling, dryness, pain) have already appeared, do not hesitate to visit a doctor. A qualified otolaryngologist will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

Basic preventive measures:
  • Give up cigarettes, do not abuse alcoholic beverages.
  • Eat vegetables, fruits, take vitamin complexes.
  • Keep your body healthy, breathe fresh air more often.
  • Play sports.
  • Breathe only through your nose.
  • Treat infections (rhinitis, caries, genitourinary diseases) in a timely manner.
  • During flu epidemics, try to stay home.

If you do get sick and are being treated at home, you should follow the nutritional rules. Eat food more often, but in small portions, and process foods well thermally. Avoid canned food, smoked meats, and coarse and difficult-to-digest foods to avoid re-injury to the mucous membrane. This applies to spicy and salty foods, ice cream and soda. Eat foods high in vegetable fats and vitamins.

If you follow these simple rules, the disease will disappear very soon.

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For pharyngitis, the doctor prescribed me to rinse with a solution of furatsilin and dissolve Isla-Moos lozenges. The treatment took several days. The throat became moist, the soreness and burning sensation disappeared.

Source: http://medlazaret.ru/rot/faringit/

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, often of a viral or bacterial nature. Often combined with tonsillitis. It manifests itself as a sore throat, a feeling of a “lump” and a sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, a dry cough, and an increase in temperature. In most cases, a complete cure is possible, and the transition from an acute process to a chronic one is possible. Less commonly, serious complications may occur: rheumatic damage to the heart and joints.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall, often of a viral or bacterial nature. Often combined with tonsillitis. It manifests itself as a sore throat, a feeling of a “lump” and a sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, a dry cough, and an increase in temperature. In most cases, a complete cure is possible, and the transition from an acute process to a chronic one is possible. Less commonly, serious complications may occur: rheumatic damage to the heart and joints.

Causes and risk factors for developing pharyngitis

The most common cause of pharyngitis is bacteria or viruses. Viral pharyngitis accounts for about 70% of all inflammatory processes in the pharyngeal mucosa. The causative agents may be adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, coronoviruses or cytomegalovirus. Bacterial pharyngitis is usually caused by streptococci. In some cases, fungal pharyngitis may develop (usually in patients with impaired immunity or after long-term treatment with antibiotics).

Less commonly, the cause of pharyngitis is an allergy, trauma (during surgery or foreign body entry) or exposure to irritating factors (irradiation, alkalis, acids, steam or hot liquid). The risk of developing pharyngitis increases with hypothermia, impaired immune status, severe chronic diseases, increased levels of dust and irritating chemicals in the air, smoking and alcohol abuse.

The occurrence of chronic pharyngitis can be triggered by the entry of gastric contents into the pharynx due to a hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux. The cause of the development of chronic pharyngitis can be chronic inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity (rhinitis) and paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). The disease in this case is caused not only by constant breathing through the mouth, but also by the action of vasoconstrictor drops flowing from the nasal cavity into the pharynx.

Classification of pharyngitis

Pharyngitis can be acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis usually occurs diffusely and covers all parts of the pharynx. Chronic pharyngitis, as a rule, has a more precise localization and affects the upper, middle or lower part of the pharynx. However, the identification of individual types of chronic pharyngitis depending on location is always done with a degree of convention.

Depending on the nature of the pathological process, hypertrophic, atrophic and catarrhal forms of chronic pharyngitis are distinguished.

Symptoms of pharyngitis

Symptoms of acute pharyngitis

Acute pharyngitis rarely occurs in isolation. As a rule, it develops with infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Isolated acute pharyngitis can be observed when exposed to irritants directly on the mucous membrane of the pharynx (breathing in the cold through the mouth, cold and hot food, drinking alcohol, smoking).

The patient complains of a feeling of soreness and soreness in the throat, slight pain when swallowing. As a rule, an “empty swallow” (swallowing saliva) is accompanied by greater pain compared to swallowing food. When the process spreads to the tubopharyngeal ridges, irradiation of pain into the ears is possible. Usually the general condition does not suffer or suffers only slightly. Body temperature may rise to low-grade fever.

Pharyngoscopy reveals hyperemia of the pharyngeal mucosa, spreading to the palatine tonsils. The uvula is swollen, and mucopurulent plaque is found in places on the pharynx. Some patients experience enlargement and tenderness of the upper cervical lymph nodes.

Children under 2 years of age often experience severe acute pharyngitis. The inflammatory process spreads to the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Nasal breathing is impaired. The temperature may rise to febrile.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis

Patients suffering from chronic atrophic pharyngitis are disturbed by dryness, a feeling of scratching or soreness in the throat. A dry cough is possible. Pharyngoscopy reveals a dry, pale, thinned, shiny (varnished) mucous membrane of the pharynx, in places covered with mucus and crusts.

With catarrhal and hypertrophic chronic pharyngitis, patients complain of a feeling of rawness, soreness or a foreign body in the throat, and mild pain when swallowing. Thick mucous discharge constantly accumulates in the patient's throat, so the patient constantly coughs up. The cough worsens in the morning, in some cases accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Pharyngoscopy for catarrhal pharyngitis reveals diffuse hyperemia and thickening of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, uvula and soft palate. The pharynx is covered in places with viscous mucous or mucopurulent discharge. Certain groups of follicles are enlarged. Hypertrophic pharyngitis is characterized by more pronounced changes. With granulosa hypertrophic pharyngitis, there is a proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the area of ​​the posterior wall of the pharynx, with lateral hypertrophic pharyngitis - hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue behind the posterior palatine arches.

Complications of pharyngitis

In acute (usually streptococcal) pharyngitis, a peritonsillar abscess may develop. In some cases, inflammation spreads to nearby organs, causing laryngitis and tracheitis.

Acute pharyngitis, in which group A b-hemolytic streptococcus acts as an infectious agent, can play the role of a trigger disease in acute articular rheumatism.

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

The diagnosis of pharyngitis is made by an otolaryngologist based on characteristic symptoms and pharyngoscopy data. To determine the nature of the pathogen, if necessary, a virological or bacteriological examination of a pharyngeal smear is carried out.

Treatment of pharyngitis

It is necessary to exclude factors that cause and maintain inflammation in the pharynx. The patient is advised to refrain from smoking, drinking alcohol and irritating foods (salty, spicy, sour, cold or hot). If the bacterial nature of pharyngitis is established, antibiotic therapy is performed in some cases.

Local treatment consists of rinsing with warm antiseptic solutions every half hour to hour. Inhalations with oil preparations and alkaline solutions, and the use of aerosol anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated.

For chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, the granules are cauterized with trichloroacetic acid or a solution of silver nitrate. In case of severe hypertrophy, cryotherapy, laser treatment of the granules of the pharynx and radio wave quenching of its posterior wall are used.

Pharyngitis - treatment in Moscow

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Acute and chronic pharyngitis

Definition

Prevention of acute and chronic pharyngitis

Prevention of chronic pharyngitis is, first of all, elimination of local and general causes of the disease. It is necessary to exclude exposure to possible irritating factors, such as smoking, dust and air pollution, irritating foods, etc. Appropriate treatment of general chronic diseases should be carried out, including diseases of internal organs (heart, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract), metabolic disorders, since the development and course of chronic pharyngitis is associated with the general condition of the body.

Classification of acute and chronic pharyngitis

• caused by exposure to irritating factors.

Chronic pharyngitis by localization:

Chronic pharyngitis by the nature of morphological changes:

• atrophic (subatrophic) pharyngitis.

Etiology of acute and chronic pharyngitis

Acute inflammation of the pharynx can also develop as a result of allergic, traumatic effects, as well as under the influence of various irritating factors: hot drinks, acids, alkalis, radiation, etc.

The development of chronic pharyngitis can be caused by exposure to unfavorable climatic and environmental factors (dust, hot dry or smoky air, chemicals), smoking, alcohol abuse, etc.

Pathogenesis of acute and chronic pharyngitis

Clinic of acute and chronic pharyngitis

The main complaints with atrophic pharyngitis are a feeling of dryness in the throat, often difficulty swallowing, especially with the so-called empty throat, and often bad breath. Patients often feel the urge to take a sip of water, especially during a long conversation.

Diagnosis of acute and chronic pharyngitis

To diagnose the streptococcal nature of pharyngitis, a cultural method, rapid determination of streptococcal antigen, and immunological studies are used.

Instrumental studies

The process can spread to the palatine arches, tonsils; the velum and uvula may be swollen and increased in volume. Often, on the back and side walls of the pharynx, individual lymphadenoid follicles are visible in the form of bright red rounded elevations (granules) - granulosa pharyngitis.

In the catarrhal form of chronic pharyngitis, moderately pronounced congestive hyperemia, some swelling and thickening of the mucous membrane are noted; in some places the surface of the back wall of the pharynx is covered with viscous mucus. Hypertrophic pharyngitis, in addition to the symptoms described above, is often characterized by mucopurulent discharge flowing down the back wall of the pharynx. Granular pharyngitis is characterized by the presence of granules on the back wall of the pharynx - semicircular elevations the size of millet grains of a dark red color, located against the background of a hyperemic mucous membrane, superficial branching veins. Lateral pharyngitis is detected in the form of strands of varying thickness located behind the posterior palatine arches. The atrophic process is characterized by a thin, dry mucous membrane, pale pink in color with a dull tint, covered in places with crusts and viscous mucus. Injected vessels may be visible on the shiny surface of the mucous membrane.

Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic pharyngitis

In case of persistent painful sensations in the throat that are not amenable to conventional therapy, in some cases, differential diagnosis is required with syndromes that develop in a number of systemic diseases (Sjögren's syndrome) and diseases of the nervous system (neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve).

Treatment of acute and chronic pharyngitis

Indications for hospitalization

Non-drug treatment

Drug treatment

A local therapeutic effect on the mucous membrane of the pharynx is effective in order to cleanse it of mucus and crusts. Inhalation therapy has become widespread. For hypertrophic forms, rinse with warm 0.9-1% sodium chloride solution. The same solution can be inhaled and sprayed into the pharynx. In recent years, seawater preparations have been successfully used for this purpose.

One of the likely causes of persistent chronic pharyngitis may be intestinal dysbiosis, as a result of which it is advisable to recommend that the patient study the intestinal microflora and, if necessary, carry out treatment (hilak forte*, bactisubtil*, etc.).

Since the development of chronic pharyngitis is caused by endocrine and hormonal disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, and renal failure, the participation of appropriate specialists (endocrinologist, cardiologist, pulmonologist, nephrologist, etc.) may be required in the treatment.

Physiotherapy methods include electrophoresis on the submandibular area with a 3-5% solution of potassium iodide, exposure to an infrared laser on the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall and submandibular lymph nodes, mud or paraffin applications on the submandibular area. In the treatment of chronic atrophic pharyngitis, electrophoresis with a 0.5% solution of nicotinic acid is indicated on the submandibular area (procedure duration is min, 20 procedures per course of treatment).

Surgery

The prognosis is favorable, but chronic atrophic pharyngitis requires systematic symptomatic therapy.

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