What do you inject for sinusitis?

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What injections to give for the treatment of sinusitis

Only after this the specialist decides how and with what to treat the disease. If there is a need to use antibiotics, the best solution would be for a doctor to prescribe medications in the form of injections.

Table of contents:

Benefits of injections

Treatment of sinusitis is a complex and long process, and in order to completely get rid of the pathology, the patient must be patient and follow all the doctor’s recommendations. Only a specialist determines the need to use antibiotic-based injections in drug therapy.

Elimination of allergies

In any other case, injections for sinusitis may not only not bring the desired result, but also aggravate the course of the disease.

This happens when the nature of sinusitis is allergic in nature or caused by a fungal infection. The use of injections for these ailments will aggravate the clinical picture and affect the patient’s immunity.

Against bacteria

But if the doctor has diagnosed bacterial infectious sinusitis, then antibiotics are the only way to improve the health condition and cure the patient. Even such an extreme measure in the treatment of pathology as a puncture will not bring recovery if these drugs are not used in the treatment process. By administering subcutaneous injections, you can quickly block the process of bacterial growth.

Antibiotics

The pharmacological industry today produces a large number of different antibiotics, the choice of which depends on which particular bacterium has affected the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. In order to select the antibiotics necessary for you, the doctor will prescribe a bacteriological examination of pathogenic mucus. As a rule, experts recommend administering drugs using injections when treating, considering this method the fastest and most effective for achieving the desired result.

Sometimes, during complex treatment, the doctor, after an examination, may recommend the use of several types of antibiotics. In such cases, the method of taking them clearly comes down to the use of injections. The injections deliver antibiotics directly to the site of infection and inflammation, bypassing the gastric mucosa, which is damaged in the process of taking these drugs. In addition, injections, unlike tablets, begin to act within the first 1.5-2 hours.

Types of injections and mechanism of action

Injections with antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis are available in several basic forms and groups. Only a doctor can prescribe medications, but you still need to know for what forms of pathology and at what stages certain dosage forms are used.

Penicillin group drugs

Injections containing clavulanic acid are considered popular drugs for the treatment of purulent sinusitis and chronic sinusitis. In pediatrics, syrup is used, but for adult patients, treatment is carried out using injections of Amoxilav or Amoxicillin. These two drugs are good because, unlike the others, they practically do not cause side effects.

Cephalosporin group

Antibiotics that are not capable of causing intoxication in the body. This is what makes it possible for these drugs to have an enhanced effect on bacteria - the causative agents of the infectious process. For sinusitis, injections of Cefuroxime, Cefachlor, Cefoxitin are used, and the main thing that their actions are aimed at is not a blockade, but the complete destruction of bacteria.

Macrolide group

These medications are most often prescribed to patients with individual intolerance to penicillin. The most famous antibacterial agents in the treatment of sinusitis are Tetracycline, Azithromycin, Macropen. The only thing that needs to be taken into account when using an antibiotic of this group is that it is not used in the treatment of children and pregnant women.

Of course, treatment of a disease such as sinusitis cannot be done without auxiliary procedures. These are rinsing, warming, inhalation, drops or sprays into the nose.

Features of application

The first thing you need to pay attention to when using injectable antibiotics in the treatment of sinusitis is that the course of taking them should not exceed a week. In exceptional cases, in severe stages of pathology development, the course can be extended by a specialist. Such measures are used only when the drug does not cause any side effects.

A course of treatment

The duration of treatment must be observed without fail! The cycle of injections is under no circumstances interrupted, and if this happens, be sure to notify your doctor. If you injected for 2-3 days and then stopped, the disease will definitely enter the relapse stage. An outbreak of infection will occur with a vengeance and treatment in this case will be longer and more difficult.

Side effects

In addition, antibiotic injections can cause side effects. If you experience dry mouth, an allergic reaction, or an upset stomach, be sure to tell your doctor. It is very rare, but taking medications provokes the appearance of hives on the skin. In any of these cases, treatment must be suspended and the prescription of antibiotics reconsidered.

Effect on immunity

When using medications of this pharmacological group, be sure to take into account the fact that the antibiotic in ampoules has a significant effect on weakening the body’s overall immunity. During and after treatment, be sure to take care of proper nutrition, the use of mineral and vitamin complexes, and the restoration of the microflora of the stomach and intestines (in the case of using tablets rather than injections). This is achieved by following a certain diet and eating fermented milk products - bifido yogurt.

Source: http://nasmorklechit.ru/gajmority/ukoly-pri-gajmorite.html

Antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used in cases where the diagnosis of the disease is confirmed. Let's try to figure out what is the most effective treatment for sinusitis we can be sure of.

When to start taking antibiotics for sinusitis

The disease begins with a common runny nose, which is ignored or people try to apply nasal drops. But a headache comes along, bursting pains under the eyes, the temperature rises, and the nose is so clogged that you have to breathe through your mouth. Clinical symptoms are confirmed by additional examination, and here one cannot do without the use of antibacterial agents.

How to take the antibiotic depends on the severity of the condition; you can choose tablets, injections, drops or sprays. Sprays have advantages over tablet treatment and drops: there is no unnecessary effect on the gastric mucosa, the drug in concentrated form reaches deep, almost to the site of inflammation, and is easy to use.

Sinusitis can cause serious complications

  • inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis);
  • the appearance of isolated suppuration (abscess) in the brain matter;
  • permanent loss of smell function;
  • inflammation of the branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves;
  • transition of the process to the orbit and bone of the upper jaw;
  • spread down the respiratory tract to the trachea and bronchi.

Therefore, timely treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics serves as a reliable solution to possible problems.

Antibiotics in sprays

The combination of a convenient form of administration and antimicrobial action makes the use of a spray form very effective.

  • Bioparox (fusafungin) is a nasal aminopeptide spray that has a strong spraying property and penetrates deeply into tissues. Active against staphylococci, streptococci, fungi. Recommended for the treatment of fungal and bacterial sinusitis. Known side effects include: redness of the skin, numbness of the nasal mucosa.
  • Isofra is a spray based on the antibiotic framycetin, part of the group of aminoglycosides, and has a wide spectrum of action. Allergic reactions are possible.

The most popular antibiotics for adults

Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin), sporidex, augmentin are usually prescribed. There are stronger antibiotics; they constitute the “reserve” group for the treatment of sinusitis. Due to side effects, they are not used for sinusitis in pregnant women and while breastfeeding.

  • Macropen (midecamycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Negative consequences include: skin rash, stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), loss of appetite, shortness of breath associated with bronchospasm. Gives a cross-allergic reaction with drugs containing aspirin. Not recommended for the treatment of sinusitis with concomitant liver damage in children under three years of age.
  • Zitrolide belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics and also has a wide spectrum of effects on various pathogens. Less toxic. Side effects are observed in the form of bloating (flatulence), pain along the intestines, insomnia, palpitations and pain in the heart area. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with chronic severe liver and kidney diseases, elderly people with impaired heart rhythm, and children under 16 years of age.
  • Azithromycin is an analogue of zitrolide. May cause abdominal pain, diarrhea (diarrhea), allergic reactions.

Rules for taking antibiotics

It must be remembered that:

  • No matter what wonderful antibiotics the doctor prescribes, they will only work in sufficient doses. Do not increase or decrease the dosage without permission.
  • The course of treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial drugs in drops, tablets, sprays or injections must be completed. Usually it is 7-10 days. Otherwise, a very unpleasant process of drug resistance to the drug being taken develops.
  • Long-term treatment with antibiotics is one of the reasons for the development of intestinal dysbiosis, which destroys beneficial intestinal microorganisms.
  • If you have a hypersensitivity to any medicine, tell your doctor.
  • During treatment, drinking alcoholic beverages is strictly prohibited.
  • When purchasing an antibiotic at a pharmacy, pay attention to the expiration date, it is indicated on the packaging.
  • The appearance of any unclear symptoms during antibiotic treatment should be reported to your doctor.

Use of antibiotics in childhood

In children, acute sinusitis often occurs as a complication of ordinary rhinitis. The allergic component of the disease is more pronounced than in adults, so pediatricians always prescribe nasal drops with antiallergic drugs. Antibiotics are not always needed.

Sprays for children should not cause a burning sensation in the nose. Sea water sprays are often prescribed to rinse the nasal passages.

The use of vasoconstrictor drops should be limited to three to four days.

Commonly recommended antibiotics for children

  • Amoxicillin is prescribed even to newborns in the form of a suspension (pellets are mixed with water).
  • Solutab flemoxin is a combination drug containing the antibiotic aminophylline. A syrup or suspension is also prepared.
  • Cefuroxime is an antibiotic from the cephalosporin group. Included in the following drugs: axetine, zinnate and zinacef.
  • Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are included in the nasal sprays Polydex and Isofra. Isofra is indicated for children older than one year, Polydex for children older than 2.5 years.
  • Sumamed (azithromycin) from the group of macrolides is the least toxic antibiotic. It is prescribed to children from six months to three years in the form of a suspension. For older people - in tablets.

The era of antibiotics is over, but their use has not stopped. The attitude towards these means has become more reasonable. The sale of antibiotics in pharmacies is limited by prescription instructions from doctors.

When I was in the hospital with sinusitis, I was prescribed the antibiotic ampicillin, which was injected twice a day until I was discharged. Fortunately, there were no side effects; sinusitis was cured even without a puncture.

And I was able to cope with sinusitis at home. She was treated with inhaled fluimucil antibiotic IT. It’s so convenient, you just breathe through a nebulizer twice a day for 10 minutes, and eventually the sinusitis goes away.

Nina, I agree with you that sinusitis can be dealt with at home, I was also treated with inhalations with the antibiotic fluimucil. Only the ENT specialist at the clinic prescribed it for me, and said that if it didn’t help, I would have to do a puncture, but after three days my nose began to breathe well. So I really liked this drug, I wonder why it wasn’t prescribed before.

Yes, you need to choose an antibiotic very carefully! Even before prescribing the medicine, the doctor recommends that I undergo a test to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics in order to then prescribe a drug that is suitable for me. And treatment in this case will be more effective, because both the doctor and I at least know that in a particular case the antibiotic will help and there is no resistance! I like the BIOLACTAM test system because... the result is ready in a few hours and you can donate any physiological fluid (blood, saliva, urine, etc.) for research. Look at the website biolaktam.ru for a lot of useful information!

I agree that sinusitis can be treated at home, you just need to approach antibiotics carefully and under no circumstances put them in your nose, only inject or drink them. I was so tormented with my chronic disease, I thought that I would go and pierce everything, every year at least three times, either sinusitis or sinusitis, even though I couldn’t breathe through my nose at all. I drank nothing Amoxicillin for five days along with Cinnabsin, this is a herbal preparation in tablets. And there is no need to pierce anything. True, the doctor told me that in a month I would have to take the course again, only without an antibiotic to boost my immunity and prevent it, so that there would be no relapse.

What about those who are allergic to antibiotics? I’ve already had a puncture done three times, to no avail, I can’t take antibiotics - anaphylactic shock immediately, even if you wrap yourself in a sheet and crawl to the cemetery. Or constantly run with drops. and in warm socks, God forbid, if your feet got cold, that’s it, we’ve arrived

If the allergy is not antibiotics, you need to contact an allergist and determine exactly which groups you are not allergic to. There is practically no intolerance to all antibiotics at once. Without them, it is very difficult to cure sinusitis.

Tell Ramina how to properly dilute FLUIMUCIL for an inhaler-nebulizer if the doctor prescribed it to you.

Source: http://ingalin.ru/lor/gajmorit/antibiotik-pri-gajmorite.html

Antibiotic injections for sinusitis

Many people believe that injections for sinusitis are the basis of treatment, and there is no way to avoid them. This is not entirely true. At the moment, many different pharmaceuticals are used for the treatment of sinusitis, taken orally and also topically. However, if the disease has dragged on too long and is accompanied by complications, then you cannot do without taking injectable forms.

In what cases are injections prescribed?

Antibiotics are prescribed only for sinusitis, which is caused by pathogenic microflora. When choosing the optimal remedy, the type of pathogenic microorganism and its susceptibility to the action of antibacterial agents must be taken into account. Usually, otolaryngologists try to select the appropriate drug from oral medications. But in some cases it is necessary to give preference to injections of antibiotics, the use of which requires the patient to remain in the hospital. Such cases include:

  • inability to use oral medications;
  • ineffectiveness of oral medications;
  • severe form of sinusitis with severe symptoms of intoxication;
  • involvement of neighboring tissues in the pathological process, for example, the addition of otitis media or bronchitis;
  • advanced sinusitis, which requires immediate antibacterial treatment;
  • high risk of developing complications of the disease, requiring immediate action;
  • period after surgery;
  • Patients have stomach problems that make oral antibiotics undesirable.

Antibiotic Injection Options

Depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's condition, antibiotic injections may be given into a vein or gluteal muscle. For sinusitis, the second option for performing injections is more common.

Intravenous antibiotics for this disease are administered very rarely, only in the most severe cases with associated complications. Both jet and drip administration can be carried out.

Benefits of injections

The injection method of administering antibiotics, like other drugs, has its advantages. These include:

  • rapid manifestation of the therapeutic effect;
  • accuracy of product dosing;
  • administered drugs are not susceptible to the action of enzymes, which can change the effect by entering directly into the blood, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract;
  • Possibility of use for patients of any age;
  • the need to administer drugs to unconscious patients;
  • the ability to administer drugs that are destroyed in the digestive tract.

Disadvantages of injections

Injections are not a perfect method of introducing drugs into the body. Along with the advantages, they also have some disadvantages:

  • painful procedure;
  • increased requirements for the purity of injected substances and their production only under aseptic conditions;
  • blockage with air bubbles or undissolved particles of the substance may occur during intravenous administration;
  • a trained person is required to administer the injection;
  • Infection is possible if the manipulation rules are not followed.

Groups of antibiotics that are used as injections

Almost every group of antibiotics has representatives that are administered by injection. The choice of any drug is made taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogens. Ideally, bacterial culture should be performed. But since it takes several days to carry it out, and treatment cannot be delayed, the drug is chosen empirically based on data on the most common pathogenic microbes in the region.

Penicillins

Previously, representatives of this group were very popular drugs and were prescribed primarily for sinusitis. However, today parenteral forms of penicillins are used less and less. This is explained by the high resistance of microbes to their effects and the frequent occurrence of allergic reactions. In addition, most penicillin antibiotics require administration every 4 hours to maintain a constant concentration of the active substance in the blood, which is not entirely convenient. Representatives of this group are Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin.

Special mention should be made of penicillins protected by clavulanic acid. They have a wider spectrum of action. Most often they are prescribed in oral forms. But in rare cases, parenteral administration is also possible. An important feature is that such drugs are administered only intravenously. An example of such penicillin is Amoxiclav. It contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Cephalosporins

It is the drugs of this group that are prescribed primarily for sinusitis. They are active against most microorganisms that cause disease. Cephalosporins exhibit a bactericidal effect, leading to the death of microbes.

A representative of the first generation of cephalosporins, Cefazolin has a narrow spectrum of action and is practically ineffective against gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, its use for sinusitis is prescribed quite rarely and in cases of confirmed sensitivity to it.

The third generation of cephalosporins is the most widely used. They are characterized by a high level of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Representatives of cephalosporins, which are used in the form of injections:

  • Ceftriaxone (Tercef, Longacef, Rocephin, Lendatsin, Loraxone, Medaxone, Procef, Cefogram);
  • Cefotaxime (Klaforan, Loraxim, Fagocef, Sefotak).

Antibiotics of other groups

Antibacterial drugs of other groups in the form of injections for sinusitis are used quite rarely. Their main indication for use is the confirmed susceptibility of microorganisms and intolerance to cephalosporins and penicillins.

  • Gentamicin (a representative of aminoglycosides);
  • Lincomycin (lincosamide antibiotic);
  • Imipenem (carbapenem antibiotic).

Basic rules for administering injectable drugs

In order for medications to have the desired effect, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules for their use. These include:

  • The drug, its dose, frequency and duration of use are prescribed by the otolaryngologist in each case individually. This takes into account the severity of sinusitis, the type of pathological bacteria that caused it, the presence of complications and concomitant diseases in the patient. In addition, the age and weight of the patient play an important role in selecting the dose of the antibiotic.
  • It is prohibited to independently make changes to the treatment regimen prescribed by the doctor.
  • Before starting treatment, it is advisable to read the instructions for the drug, paying special attention to contraindications, side effects and drug interactions.
  • Immediately before the first injection, a skin test should be performed to identify antibiotic intolerance. If solutions of novocaine or lidocaine are used as a solvent, sensitivity to them must also be determined.
  • Most antibiotics are produced in powder form. Therefore, before use, they must be dissolved in a solvent recommended by a doctor. For intramuscular injections, this can be: water for injection, sodium chloride solution, novocaine or lidocaine. For intravenous use, sodium chloride solution is most often used as a solvent.
  • Each injection should be performed with a new disposable syringe.
  • It is forbidden to mix different antibiotics in one bottle.
  • You should not complete a course of antibiotic therapy earlier than recommended by your doctor. Even if all the symptoms have disappeared, the antibiotic is administered for another 1-3 days. Otherwise, a superinfection may develop or the disease may return with renewed vigor.
  • If any adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately.
  • All possible drug interactions should be taken into account and, if necessary, adjustments to treatment should be made.
  • Most antibiotics reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so other methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy should be considered during treatment.

Contraindications and precautions

All injectable antibiotics, like any medicine, have their contraindications. Moreover, each specific medicine has its own list of cases when it is impossible to take it. A general contraindication for all drugs without exception is the presence of hypersensitivity. It is important to take into account that penicillins and cephalosporins cause cross-allergy, which means that if you have hypersensitivity to any of their representatives, taking all drugs from both groups is prohibited.

Most antibiotic injections are prohibited during pregnancy. Their use in this period of a woman’s life is possible only if there are vital indications.

During treatment with antibacterial agents, breastfeeding will have to be interrupted.

Particular care is taken when prescribing antibiotic injections if there are problems with the functioning of the kidneys and liver. Such conditions require taking the minimum effective dose under medical supervision.

It should be borne in mind that all drugs that can inject for sinusitis can cause side effects. Therefore, you need to monitor your condition while receiving therapy and consult a doctor if there are any changes in your health.

Source: http://gaimorit-sl.ru/preparaty/ukoly-pri-gaimorite.html

What do you inject for sinusitis?

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Injections for sinusitis

You can find a lot of information about such a disease as sinusitis in books or on the Internet. There are many ways to treat this disease. However, there are many questions about whether injections are given for sinusitis. In this article we will examine this issue in more detail.

Puncture method of treatment.

This is a piercing of the maxillary sinus, in other words. This method is used in cases where the disease takes a more complex course.

Many people are afraid and try in every possible way to avoid this method of treatment. There is an assumption that this remedy will not get rid of sinusitis. However, this opinion is erroneous. Thanks to a puncture (puncture), doctors are able to suck out purulent contents from the sinuses. The next step is to inject medications with a syringe, anti-inflammatory drugs, and various antibiotics. All these measures help to quickly prevent the inflammatory process in the nasal sinus and restore the patient to normal functioning of the body.

Injections for sinusitis.

Injections for sinusitis are inevitable, as some people believe, and for many, just the name of this disease evokes associations of all kinds of injections, the constant use of a syringe. However, you should not go too far. It is important to remember that medical intervention is only necessary when the disease is actively developing and can lead to dangerous complications. Until this point, sinusitis can and should be treated in harmless ways. Just don’t drag this moment out.

So, what kind of injections are given for sinusitis? These are, of course, intramuscular injections. Ceftriaxone or cefaxone are considered the most popular. This type of antibiotic is very strong in its effects. Thanks to them, you can quickly recover from sinusitis.

It should be noted right away that you should not be afraid of injections. They won't make you any worse. It will be worse if you let the disease take its course and do not actively treat your sinuses. It is worth noting that such injections are not prescribed to all people; there are also some contraindications.

Contraindications for injections for sinusitis.

First of all, these are children. Antibiotics may be prescribed to children only in extreme cases. The child’s body is not yet adapted to accept such strong drugs. Injections are also contraindicated for pregnant women. This can be harmful and affect their future births. The use of such injections is contraindicated for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. If the disease occurs, injections should be done only after consultation with a specialist.

If you suspect sinusitis, then start treatment from the appearance of the first symptoms, and then you will not have negative consequences and problems.

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Antibiotics for sinusitis: pros and cons

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which can be caused by a number of reasons. Therefore, if characteristic symptoms appear (long-lasting runny nose with thick mucus, headache, feeling of fullness in the infraorbital region), it is necessary to visit a doctor, undergo diagnostics and receive qualified recommendations. Ignoring the problem, symptomatic measures and self-medication can result in sinusitis becoming chronic.

In the vast majority of cases, this disease is bacterial in nature, therefore, antibiotics for sinusitis are the first-line drugs. However, systemic antimicrobial therapy is prescribed only in cases where the patient’s body cannot independently overcome the infection for a long time and there is a risk of severe complications. Bacteria from the maxillary sinuses can enter the lower respiratory tract through the bloodstream and cause bronchitis or even pneumonia. But the main danger is the proximity of the inflammation to the brain and the possibility of developing meningitis or encephalitis.

When are antibiotics needed for sinusitis?

To understand in what cases the use of antibiotics for sinusitis is really necessary, you need to consider the causes of the development of this disease.

According to etiology, sinusitis is divided into the following categories (in descending order of occurrence):

Bacterial - caused by pneumoniae, pyogenic or viridans streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, Moraxella, Klebsiella, chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Proteus and other pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It occurs as a result of the pathogen entering the maxillary sinuses from the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis), the dental system (caries, gumboil, root granuloma, periodontitis) or the general bloodstream in inflammatory diseases (scarlet fever, measles). It can be both unilateral and bilateral, more often purulent than catarrhal (edema only);

Viral – caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A and B, parainfluenza. It usually occurs against the background of a seasonal cold, is always bilateral, most often catarrhal, sometimes asymptomatic and goes away on its own in 1-2 weeks. For viral sinusitis, antibiotics are useless, or rather, harmful. But on days 7-10, severe flu, acute respiratory viral infection or acute respiratory infection may be complicated by a bacterial infection with accumulation of pus in the maxillary sinuses, then antimicrobial therapy is indicated;

Mixed – caused by a complex of reasons, which may include viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens. Often passes from acute to chronic form. It is almost always bilateral and combined with other forms of sinusitis (frontitis, ethmoiditis and sphenoiditis). It can have any character: purulent, catarrhal, serous, exudative. For mixed viral-bacterial sinusitis, antibiotics are used, but the selection of the drug must be carried out very carefully based on test results and medical history data;

Allergic – caused by a negative reaction of the body to allergens, among which inhaled particles predominate (household dust, poplar fluff, plant pollen). It is always bilateral, characterized by severe swelling of the mucous membranes, sneezing and rhinorrhea. Antibiotics for sinusitis of an allergic nature are not needed; antihistamines are prescribed and measures are taken to eliminate the allergen from the patient’s routine;

Fungal – caused by yeast-like microorganisms and fungi against the background of immunodeficiency states in weakened patients, elderly people, and young children. It is very rare, can be bilateral, has a persistent, chronic course, and requires an integrated approach to treatment. For fungal sinusitis, antibiotics are strictly contraindicated;

Medication - caused by prolonged use of medications that have a detrimental effect on the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses and disrupt the normal functioning of the ciliated epithelium, which is responsible for the evacuation of mucus. It usually occurs due to the abuse of vasoconstrictor nasal drops. It is almost always bilateral and can be atrophic (tissue death), hyperplastic (proliferation of the mucous membrane) or cystic polyposis (the appearance of polyps blocking the mouth of the maxillary sinuses). Without the addition of a bacterial infection, such sinusitis cannot be treated with antibiotics;

Traumatic – caused by mechanical damage to the maxillary sinuses, accumulation of blood and exudate in them and subsequent inflammation. In this case, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, physiotherapy, and sometimes surgical treatment.

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What antibiotics are effective for sinusitis?

In order to select the optimal antibacterial drug for the treatment of sinusitis, the doctor takes into account the following data about the patient:

Medical history - when and under what circumstances the disease occurred (seasonal cold, systemic infection, hay fever, trauma), what the nature of the symptoms is (body temperature, degree of intoxication of the body, severity of pain, color and consistency of nasal mucus), how long ago the person fell ill, tried whether to treat yourself with something;

Results of the examination and tests - x-ray, general blood test, bacterial culture;

Age and status - many antibiotics for sinusitis are not used in children, weakened and elderly people, pregnant and lactating women;

Information about previously used antibiotics - the more often a person is treated with the same antibacterial drug, the less effective it becomes;

Based on this, it can be understood that the most effective antibiotic for sinusitis will be the drug to which the pathogen is sensitive, there is no resistance, allergies or contraindications, and there are minimal side effects and harm to the body. Since most modern antibiotics have a very broad spectrum of action and are active against almost all microbes that cause sinusitis, the need for bacterial culture and identification of the specific culprit of the disease arises only when the completed course of therapy has not produced results.

The most commonly used and effective antibiotics for sinusitis belong to four groups:

Protected aminopenicillins

These are synthetic penicillins in combination with special substances that neutralize bacterial resistance. Over many years of active use of penicillins and cephalosporins, many pathogens have adapted to them and developed an enzyme from the group of beta-lactamases, called “penicillinase,” which simply destroys the drug that enters the body and prevents it from fighting the infection. To avoid this, sulbactam or clavulanic acid is added to penicillins.

The most effective against sinusitis are:

Ampicillin sulbactamates (Ampisid, Libaccil, Unazin, Sultasin, Sulbacin, Sulacillin, Sultamicillin);

Amoxicillin clavulonates (Amoxiclav, Ecoclav, Rapiclav, Flemoclav, Panclave, Augmentin).

This is important: Regular amoxicillin, which is sold for a lot of money under the brand name Flemoxin Solutab, in most cases no longer helps with sinusitis.

Protected penicillins have a bactericidal effect (destroy bacteria), and they do this in a targeted manner, since they focus on special markers of the cell membranes of pathogens. There are no similar cells in the human body, so this therapy does not destroy healthy tissue. Penicillins are widely used to treat sinusitis in children. However, allergies to drugs in this group quite often occur, and long-term use is fraught with an imbalance in the microflora of internal organs, side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of fungal infections. Another disadvantage of penicillins is their short half-life, which is why tablets have to be taken every 4-6 hours.

Macrolides

Antibiotics of this group are the safest for humans and are least likely to cause allergies and side effects. Unlike penicillins, they have a bacteriostatic effect (prevent bacteria from multiplying), which is very beneficial for persistent, chronic sinusitis. In addition, macrolides are effective against obligate intracellular parasites (mycoplasmas, chlamydia), which recently also often cause sinusitis.

These drugs are very convenient to use because they accumulate well in tissues and remain there for a long time. The latest generations of macrolides are sold in packages containing only a few capsules. Uncomplicated infections can be successfully treated even with a single dose. If the patient has individual intolerance to penicillins, an atypical or mixed form of the disease, macrolides will be the most effective antibiotics for sinusitis.

The disadvantages include the high cost of some drugs in this group. Use in childhood, pregnancy and breastfeeding is possible when the potential risk is lower than the expected benefit.

Macrolides are divided into:

14-membered - Erythromycin, Roxithromycin (Rulid, Xitrocin, Elrox, Roxilor, Rovenal), Clarithromycin (Klacid, Klabax, Claricin, Ecositrin, Fromilid Uno);

15-membered Azithromycin and its analogues, called azalides (Hemomycin, Sumamed, Azitral, Azitrox, Azitrus, Zitrolide, Zi-factor);

16-membered - Midecamycin (Macropen, Midepin), Spiramycin (Rovamycin, Spiramisar), Josamycin (Vilprafen).

Cephalosporins

This is one of the most numerous and long-used groups of antibiotics. They have a bactericidal effect. To date, there are already five generations of cephalosporins. In terms of the breadth of their antibacterial spectrum, they are not superior to penicillins and, especially, macrolides, but they are resistant to beta-lactamases, enzymes that explain the resistance of some sinusitis pathogens. However, this statement is not true for all cephalosporins.

If a patient is allergic to penicillins, then he is likely to have a negative reaction to cephalosporins. The side effects are also similar; treatment of sinusitis in children is possible; during pregnancy and lactation, the issue is resolved individually. Many drugs in this group are unsuitable for oral administration because they are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and also severely irritate the mucous membranes. The advantages of cephalosporins as antibiotics for sinusitis include their affordable price.

This is important: cephalosporins are absolutely incompatible with alcohol, since they inhibit the liver’s synthesis of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is necessary to neutralize the toxic effects of ethanol breakdown products on the body.

Cephalosporins are divided into:

1st generation – Cefazolin (Lysolin, Kefzol, Zolfin), Cephalexin (Ecocephron, Sporidex, Lexin);

2nd generation – Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Cefurus, Axetim), Cefoxitin (Anaerocef, Boncefin, Mefoxin);

3rd generation – Cefixime (Suprax, Maxibat, Loprax), Ceftriaxone (Rocephin, Azaran, Lendatsin);

4th generation – Cefpirom (Izodepom, Cefanorm), Cefepime (Cefomax, Maxipim);

5th generation – Ceftobiprole (Zaftera), Ceftolozane.

Fluoroquinolones

Drugs in this group are very different from other antibiotics for sinusitis, since they are completely synthetic and are not found in nature. Fluoroquinolones have a wide spectrum of antibacterial effects and have a very rapid and pronounced bactericidal effect on most pathogens of sinusitis, including its atypical forms caused by chlamydia or mycoplasma. However, due to their high toxicity and foreign, artificial origin, they often lead to the development of allergies and severe side effects from the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

As antibiotics for sinusitis in children, fluoroquinolones are considered only in extreme cases; they are strictly contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women. Another disadvantage of drugs in this group is the high price, but if you search for a medicine by the active substance, and not by a well-known brand, you can save a lot.

Fluoroquinolones are divided into:

1st generation – Ofloxacin (Tarivid, Zanotsin), Pefloxacin (Abaktal, Unikpev);

2nd generation – Ciprofloxacin (Ciprolet, Tsifran, Tsifrinol, Tsiprobay, Ecotsifol), Norfloxacin (Nolitsin, Normax, Norbactin);

3rd generation – Levofloxacin (Glevo, Tavanik, Levostar), Sparfloxacin (Sparflo, Respara, Sparbakt);

4th generation – Moxifloxacin (Moxin, Avelox, Megaflox), Gemifloxacin (Faktiv).

Pros and cons of antibiotics for sinusitis

The best antibiotic for sinusitis can be selected by analyzing a nasal smear. There must be a positive reaction 48 hours after taking the prescribed antibiotic, otherwise an urgent replacement will be required. Perhaps the pathogen has already developed resistance to this antibiotic, or the nature of sinusitis is not bacterial - it is viral, fungal, allergic, or mixed.

Ceftriaxone for sinusitis

Along with many other cephalosporin-type antibiotics, Ceftriaxone is considered an effective drug for the treatment of sinusitis. It belongs to the third generation and has a powerful bactericidal effect against the vast majority of microbes that cause sinusitis. Ceftriaxone is often prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx, throat, bronchi and lungs. Its effectiveness is so high that it is even used to treat sepsis, peritonitis and meningitis.

pros

The main advantage of Ceftriaxone is its high effectiveness in treating bacterial infections, the development of which must be urgently stopped. Since this antibiotic has a strong and rapid bactericidal effect, it is very suitable for the treatment of acute sinusitis, accompanied by severe pain, fever, large accumulation of pus in the sinuses and severe intoxication of the body. In such a situation, it is bactericidal and non-bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs for sinusitis that are most effective and help you get back on your feet faster.

The second undoubted advantage of Ceftriaxone is that it is a modern drug that is resistant to beta-lactamases, which means that the likelihood that the causative agent of sinusitis will be resistant to it is close to zero. The third advantage of Ceftriaxone is its affordable price: you can buy a package of powder in ampoules for the preparation of a domestically produced injection solution for rubles. Foreign analogues (Rocephin, Azaran, Lendatsin) cost from 500 to 2500 rubles.

Minuses

The main disadvantage of Ceftriaxone is associated with a high risk of side effects. Treatment of sinusitis with this drug is sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis, Quincke's edema, jaundice and interstitial nephritis. Therefore, antibiotics from the cephalosporin group are not the first choice in case of sinusitis. Ceftriaxone is prescribed to pregnant women only if other treatments have failed and there is a threat to life. The drug is contraindicated during breastfeeding. For the treatment of sinusitis in young children, the dosage is selected individually.

The second obvious disadvantage of Ceftriaxone is the impossibility of oral administration, since this antibiotic, like many other cephalosporin drugs, is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has a strong irritant effect on the mucous membranes. Ceftriaxone is administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1-2 times a day and in no case mixed with calcium solutions. As we mentioned above, cephalosporins are also completely incompatible with ethanol.

The third disadvantage of Ceftriaxone as an antibiotic for sinusitis is its numerous unwanted interactions with other drugs. When used together with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation (for example, regular Aspirin), there is a risk of internal bleeding. And when taken simultaneously with loop diuretics, the nephrotoxic effect of Ceftriaxone is aggravated. Mixing this drug with antibiotics of other groups to enhance the effect is unacceptable.

Augmentin (amoxiclav) for sinusitis

The drug Augmentin (also known as amoxiclav) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has a powerful bactericidal effect on most pathogens of sinusitis. It belongs to the category of protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins, which contain clavulanic acid - a special substance that destroys beta-lactamase enzymes, with the help of which bacteria try to destroy antibiotics for sinusitis, although the opposite should be true. A popular analogue of Augmentin is the drug Amoxiclav: they have an absolutely identical composition, but slightly different prices - the second option is cheaper.

pros

Augmentin is a modern antibacterial drug developed by specialists from the British pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, which has a very high reputation in the market and is famous for the high quality and safety of its products. It is protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins, such as Augmentin and Amoxiclav, that today are considered the most effective antibiotics for sinusitis, since they are not afraid of acquired resistance of pathogens.

The second undoubted advantage of Augmentin is that this antibiotic has a selective bactericidal effect, recognizing pathogenic microbes by special markers on their cell membranes. And since the human body does not have any similar cells, healthy tissue will not be damaged during the treatment of sinusitis with Augmentin. That is why the latest generation of protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins are most often used in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs in children.

The third indisputable advantage of Augmentin is its ease of use - to maintain the therapeutic effect, it is enough to take the drug 2 times a day. In some special cases, a single daily dose or dividing the dosage into 3-4 doses is indicated.

Minuses

All the disadvantages of Augmentin, like other penicillin antibiotics used to treat sinusitis, are concentrated around side effects. Patients often experience nausea and heartburn. There are known cases of liver and kidney damage. Sometimes local allergic reactions, candidiasis, and intestinal dysbiosis develop. It is difficult not to include its high cost among the disadvantages of Augmentin.

Sumamed for sinusitis

Sumamed belongs to the second generation of macrolides, consisting of 15-membered azalides - Azithromycin and its analogues. However, Sumamed is the most popular drug in this group, since it is produced by reputable pharmaceutical companies (Teva - Israel and PLIVA HRVATSKA - Croatia), is of high quality and has been successfully used to treat complex bacterial infections, including sinusitis, for many years.

pros

The main advantage of Sumamed is the widest possible antibacterial spectrum. This antibiotic is effective even for atypical sinusitis caused by obligate microorganisms - mycoplasma and chlamydia. If we are talking about a mixed, multifactorial infection with a chronic course, it is Sumamed with its bacteriostatic effect that will be able to stop sinusitis and prevent remission. This drug deprives bacteria of the opportunity to multiply, which means that no matter how many of them are in the body at the time of starting therapy, the disease will inevitably stop, because the existing pathogens will gradually be destroyed by the cells of the immune system, and new colonies will not be able to appear.

The second huge advantage of Sumamed is the record short course of treatment for sinusitis (5-7 days) and ease of administration (1 capsule per day). This drug accumulates very well in tissues and remains there for a long time, so there is no need to take tablets every 4-6 hours, as is the case with many other popular antibiotics for sinusitis.

The third advantage of Sumamed is the relatively low risk of side effects. Only about 10% of patients undergoing treatment for sinusitis with this drug report problems with the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, heartburn, dry mouth, epigastric discomfort, flatulence, diarrhea) or problems with the nervous system (headache, fatigue , insomnia). Allergic reactions and serious pathologies of internal organs develop during Sumamed therapy extremely rarely.

Minuses

The main disadvantage of Sumamed for sinusitis is the restrictions on the age, status and health of the patient. This antibiotic is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women, children under 12 years of age (we are talking about capsules for oral administration, powder is available for babies), as well as people with severe renal and liver failure and a number of other serious diseases.

The disadvantages of such an effective antibiotic for sinusitis as Sumamed include the high price, but this problem can be easily solved by selecting an affordable analogue. If the original Sumamed costs rubles, then domestic Azithromycin will cost you from 80 to 120 rubles, and will cure chronic sinusitis just as effectively.

Macropen for sinusitis

Macropen belongs to the latest, third generation of macrolides. The active ingredient in this drug is called midecamycin. Compared to its predecessor, azithromycin, this antibiotic is even less toxic to the human body and has an even more pronounced bacteriostatic effect against the vast majority of sinusitis pathogens, including atypical, chronic and mixed forms of the disease.

pros

Continuing to compare Macropen and Sumamed in terms of their effectiveness in the treatment of sinusitis, we note a higher rate of absorption and onset of therapeutic effect in Macropen - within an hour after taking the drug, the required concentration of the substance is established in the patient’s blood. However, the half-life of midecamycin is shorter than that of azithromycin, therefore, you will have to take a more modern antibiotic more often - 3 times a day, 1 capsule 400 mg (adults and children weighing more than 30 kg).

The second most important advantage of Macropen, not only over other macrolides, but also over any antibiotics for sinusitis, is the minimal risk of unwanted side effects. In very rare cases, patients complain of nausea, diarrhea, hives or headache. The incidence of complications even with long-term use of Macropen does not exceed 4%.

Minuses

The disadvantages of Macropen include restrictions on the status and health of patients: it is not prescribed to people with severe forms of renal and liver failure and a number of other serious pathologies. However, absolutely all antibiotics for sinusitis have the same contraindications for use, so the question of the appropriateness of therapy must be decided individually. The same applies to the treatment of sinusitis in pregnant women - the risk must be justified.

The second disadvantage of Macropen is its rather high cost (rubles), and it is unlikely that it will be possible to find a more affordable analogue. Midecamycin is one of the most modern antibiotics, so the pharmacological industry has not yet released many drugs based on it, as is the case with its predecessor, azithromycin.

Flemoxin Solutab for sinusitis

Flemoxin Solutab is the most popular brand name today, under which the long-known and well-known penicillin antibiotic amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate is produced. It is active against bacteria that most often cause acute sinusitis (pneumonia streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella, Klebsiella, etc.) and has a rapid and pronounced bactericidal effect on them.

pros

The main advantage of Flemoxin is its selectivity - only the cells of pathogens are destroyed, and the tissues of the human body do not suffer from the toxic effects of the drug. For this reason, amoxicillin is the first-line antibiotic in the treatment of sinusitis, including in young children.

The popularity of the Flemoxin Solutab tablets themselves compared to other brands of amoxicillin is explained by two reasons: firstly, the trihydrate is absorbed more quickly and easily by the gastrointestinal tract, without causing irritation of the mucous membranes. And secondly, Flemoxin Solutab is a convenient, easily broken into two halves chewable tablets with a pleasant tangerine-lemon flavor.

Minuses

We have already talked about the contraindications and side effects of amoxicillin when we looked at Augmentin and Amoxiclav - in this regard, the drugs are identical. However, it is precisely in their differences that the main disadvantage of Flemoxin lies. The fact is that it is an unprotected antibiotic and is destroyed by penicillinase, an enzyme with the help of which many bacteria successfully “defend” themselves from antimicrobial therapy. Resistance of pathogens of acute sinusitis to the drug Flemoxin Solutab has become common in recent years, especially in pediatric practice.

But even if sinusitis can be successfully treated with unprotected amoxicillin, you will have to take the tablets 3-4 times a day for 7-14 days due to the short half-life of the active substance from the body. Considering the high cost of the drug Flemoxin Solutab (up to 600 rubles, depending on the dosage), the full course of therapy will cost a tidy sum.

Isofra for sinusitis

Isofra is a local antibacterial drug for sinusitis in the form of a nasal spray. The active component of Isofra is the antibiotic framycetin, which belongs to the group of aminoglycosides and has a bactericidal effect on some pathogens of sinusitis (staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus). Framycetin is not used orally, since it is very toxic to the human body, however, irrigation of the nasopharynx with Isofra spray is accompanied by scanty absorption of the drug into the blood, so this treatment of sinusitis is effective and safe.

pros

The main advantage of Isofra nasal spray over other antibiotics for sinusitis is the almost complete absence of contraindications for use and side effects, because the active substance does not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract (and therefore cannot cause nausea or diarrhea, or linger in the body due to kidney or liver dysfunction ) and does not accumulate in the blood (and therefore cannot cause allergies or problems with the nervous system).

The undoubted advantages of Isofra for sinusitis include ease of use: one light press allows you to get an exact dose of the drug (adults 4-6 times a day, one injection into each nostril, and children - 3 times). Isofra has a subtle lemon aroma, so the treatment of sinusitis and runny nose does not cause dissatisfaction in the youngest patients. The drug is produced in France by the pharmaceutical company Laboratoires BOUCHARA-RECORDATI, which is also known for its effective antiviral drug Polydex.

Minuses

A significant disadvantage of Isofra is the narrowness of the antibacterial spectrum. The fact is that framycetin does not have a bactericidal effect on streptococcus pneumoniae, and this is one of the most frequently diagnosed pathogens of acute sinusitis. Anaerobic microorganisms (peptostreptococci, bacteroids, fusobacteria) are also resistant to it, which also sometimes cause sinusitis, especially its chronic and constantly recurring forms. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out a short 7-10-day course of treatment for sinusitis with Isofra, and if it does not produce results, move on to another drug.

The disadvantages of Isofra spray also include its rather high price (rubles), but it is the only effective local antibiotic for sinusitis of its kind, so it is worth the money. The only contraindication to its use is damage to the septum and the period after puncture of the maxillary sinuses, since in this case the active substance will penetrate into the blood in an unacceptably large volume.

Dioxidin for sinusitis

Dioxidin (hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide) is an antibiotic with a very broad spectrum of bactericidal action, a derivative of quinoxaline. It is active against all strains of streptococcus and staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, as well as pathogenic anaerobes. Pathogens of sinusitis that exhibit resistance to other antibiotics usually cannot withstand the onslaught of dioxidine, so the drug has long been successfully used to treat rhinitis and sinusitis. The optimal form is a 0.5% solution in ampoules, which should be instilled into the nose.

pros

The main advantage of Dioxidin, as a local antiseptic for sinusitis, is the breadth of the antibacterial spectrum and rapid sanitation of the nasopharynx. By instilling 5 drops of the solution into each previously cleaned nostril 4-6 times a day, you can count on a radical improvement in well-being in the acute form of the disease within a week.

The second advantage of this drug is its relatively affordable price - one ampoule will cost you about 50 rubles. However, keep in mind that after opening it cannot be stored in the refrigerator for more than one day. Therefore, a full course of treatment for sinusitis with this antiseptic will most likely require the entire package of 10 ampoules.

Minuses

Dioxidine is extremely toxic, and it is absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes when the solution is administered intranasally in volumes sufficient to cause side effects. Therefore, the official instructions for the drug state that it is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 18 years of age. But, despite this, many practicing ENT doctors prescribe this antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis even in children 3-4 years old. How to take such recommendations is a personal choice of parents.

The second disadvantage of Dioxidin is that by itself it does not completely cure sinusitis, therefore it is always prescribed as part of complex antibacterial therapy. That is, you will not only have to instill a potentially dangerous (and, by the way, terribly bitter) liquid into your nose, but also take antibiotics orally or by injection. Obviously, this approach to the treatment of sinusitis is justified only in the case of a severe, complicated course of the disease and a real threat to health.

Author of the article: Lazarev Oleg Vladimirovich, otorhinolaryngologist, especially for the site ayzdorov.ru

Treatment of sinusitis involves ensuring the outflow of sinus contents and sanitizing the nasal cavity in order to destroy infectious agents. It is necessary to relieve swelling and inflammation and prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. Conservative treatment of sinusitis includes the use of.

Common symptoms of sinusitis are loss of smell, heaviness in the head, pain in the temples and bridge of the nose, and a fairly high temperature - within 37-38 degrees. But, in addition to all this, a person’s memory deteriorates, performance decreases and fatigue increases.

To achieve maximum effect when carrying out the nasal rinsing procedure, without injuring the mucous membrane, you must strictly follow the recommendations of specialists. The administration of medications must be carried out.

Before starting the procedure, the nose must be cleaned. You should not start treatment before or immediately after meals. As for the regularity of the procedures, they can be done twice a day for a few minutes each time. A one-week course of treatment can produce significant results.

The emergence of a way to treat sinusitis without a puncture was a real breakthrough in medicine. The most important advantage of the procedure is its painlessness. The absence of punctures and damage to the sinuses and the inside of the nose allows the patient to immediately recover after the procedure.

Sinusitis in children is a significant problem for both the child and his parents. Sinusitis in a child must be urgently treated before it begins to awaken the adenoids. Often the development of sinusitis in a child is confused with a common flu or cold.

Chronic sinusitis is a disease characterized by a rather long and sluggish course, with alternating phases of exacerbation and remission, manifested in frequent headaches, ailments and a stuffy nose.

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