What to do if you have a severe nosebleed

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How to stop nosebleeds and prevent recurrence

From this article you will learn: how to stop nosebleeds, when you can do it yourself, and when you need to see a doctor. How to prevent recurrent nosebleeds.

Table of contents:

Nosebleeds are a fairly common occurrence. Many people do not take them seriously, believing that it is very easy to quickly stop nosebleeds. In most cases, this is true - you can stop nosebleeds using simple and effective methods. However, sometimes this problem is difficult to cope with even for an experienced doctor.

If it was not possible to stop the bleeding at home, you need to contact an ENT specialist. If a person has frequent nosebleeds, in addition to a doctor of this specialty, cardiologists, therapists, and hematologists can take part in the treatment.

Stopping nosebleeds at home

Most bleeding develops from the front of the nose, and this is what you can try to stop at home.

  1. Do not panic. A frightened person's blood pressure increases, which leads to increased blood flow.
  2. Tilt your head forward. This will prevent blood from getting into the back of your nose and throat.
  3. Place your thumb on one side of your nose and your index finger on the other. Slowly move them down to where the bone is replaced by cartilage.
  4. Squeeze your fingers together, squeezing your nostrils, and hold them in this position.
  5. The pressure applied should be sufficient so that the sides of the nostrils are pressed tightly against the nasal septum. This pressure will compress the bleeding vessel.
  6. If the bleeding slows down or stops, you are squeezing your nose in the right place. If this does not happen, change the position of your fingers by moving them up or down.
  7. Hold your nostrils closed for at least 5 to 10 minutes, then release them. You may need to repeat this procedure if the bleeding does not stop.
  8. At this time, you need to sit quietly, keeping your head above the level of your heart. Do not lie down and place your head between your knees.

Ice applied to the nose or cheeks can also help stop nosebleeds. Exposure to cold causes the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa to constrict. Vasoconstrictor nasal drops have the same mechanism of action.

If nosebleeds occur due to severely elevated blood pressure, you can take one of the medications for hypertension. A necessary condition in such a situation is that the patient drinks the drug prescribed by the doctor specifically for him.

When trying to stop the flow of blood from the nose, you should not throw your head back. This causes blood to flow into the throat, after which the person must spit it out or swallow it. Swallowed blood can cause stomach irritation and vomiting, which can worsen the condition or lead to recurrent bleeding. For the same reasons, you should not lie down on the bed.

A widely used method of stopping bleeding at home is nasal packing with cotton wool or gauze. This should not be done, since such a tampon not only does not provide the necessary pressure to stop the blood, but also prevents it from flowing out. A person can swallow the accumulated blood, which ends up in the stomach and causes vomiting.

How to prevent recurrence of nosebleeds?

Knowing how to stop nosebleeds quickly is sometimes not enough. It is also necessary to prevent its re-development. For this:

  • Go home and rest, lying with the head of the bed raised 30–45 degrees.
  • Do not blow your nose, pick your nose, or pack it. If you need to sneeze, do it with your mouth open so that the air comes out through your mouth and not through your nose.
  • Do not strain during bowel movements. If you have constipation, use stool softeners.
  • Avoid lifting anything heavy, as physical exertion can increase pressure in the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa.
  • Try to keep your head above the level of your heart, this will help reduce the level of blood pressure in the vessels of the nose.
  • Do not smoke, as this dries out and irritates the nasal mucosa.
  • Eat soft and cool foods and drink cold drinks. Do not consume hot liquid for at least 24 hours.
  • Do not take any medications that may interfere with blood clotting. These medications include aspirin, ibuprofen, clopidogrel, warfarin, and Xarelto. But it should be remembered that you can stop treatment with these drugs only after consulting with your doctor.
  • If repeated bleeding does occur, try to clear the clots from your nose by blowing your nose forcefully. Then spray or drop vasoconstrictor medications containing oxymetazoline into your nose. Remember that these products can only be used for a short time, as they can become addictive.
  • Repeat the sequence of steps to stop the flow of blood from the nose. If your nose continues to bleed, seek medical attention.

When should you see a doctor?

You need to see a doctor if:

  1. You are taking blood thinners (warfarin, Xarelto) or have a blood clotting problem (such as hemophilia) and the bleeding does not stop.
  2. You have symptoms of anemia: rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and paleness.
  3. Nosebleeds developed in a child under 2 years of age. This happens very rarely, so there is a risk of a dangerous disease.
  4. Your nose bleeds regularly.

Ask someone to take you to the hospital or call an ambulance if:

  • the duration of nosebleeds exceeds 20 minutes;
  • nosebleeds flow very heavily and you have lost too much of it;
  • you have difficulty breathing;
  • you swallowed a large amount of blood, which caused vomiting;
  • nosebleeds develop after severe trauma, such as a car accident.

Medical stop

Stopping anterior nosebleeds

Minor, stopped anterior nosebleeds most often do not require any treatment. In these cases, the damaged vessel is closed by a thrombus.

If the doctor can see the source of the bleeding, he may cauterize the affected vessel using silver nitrate. This procedure is carried out after applying a local anesthetic solution to the mucous membrane. Chemical cauterization is the most effective method of stopping bleeding if the source is in the front of the nose.

Cauterization of the nasal mucosa with silver nitrate

In more complex cases, anterior nasal tamponade may be necessary to stop the bleeding. This tamponade puts direct pressure on the affected vessel, promoting blood clotting and stopping bleeding. The most commonly used tampons are gauze pads soaked in sterile petroleum jelly or Levomekol ointment, and synthetic sponges that expand in damp conditions.

Most patients go home after anterior nasal packing. Because this tampon blocks the sinuses, doctors often prescribe antibiotics to prevent infections. The tamponade is left in place for 48–72 hours and removed by a doctor.

Stopping posterior nosebleeds

It is impossible to stop posterior nosebleeds at home, even if a person knows how to stop nosebleeds. It either stops on its own or requires professional medical help. This type of bleeding can be very dangerous and often requires hospitalization.

To stop such bleeding, otolaryngologists use posterior nasal tamponade, most often using balloon tampons. Unlike the anterior one, posterior nasal tamponade is much more unpleasant, so it often requires the administration of sedatives and painkillers. This procedure can cause infectious complications and difficulty breathing. Therefore, such patients require careful monitoring by an otolaryngologist.

Posterior tamponade is left in place for 48–72 hours. If it fails to stop the bleeding, surgical treatment may be necessary - ligation of the vessels supplying the nasal cavity.

If nasal packing fails to help, the hospital may also do:

  1. Electrocautery is the cauterization of a damaged vessel using an electric current.
  2. Blood transfusion to treat severe blood loss.
  3. Treatment with tranexamic acid is a drug that improves blood clotting and stops bleeding.

Prevention

To prevent nosebleeds:

  • Use a humidifier indoors.
  • Don't pick your nose.
  • Do not overuse allergy medications and cold medicines, as they dry out the nasal mucosa.
  • Monitor your blood pressure and do not allow it to rise too high.
  • If the condition is caused by any disease, follow the recommendations of doctors for its treatment.

Forecast

With proper care, nosebleeds for most people do not affect their health in any way. However, a small number of patients may experience very severe blood loss, which poses a danger to their life.

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Source: http://okardio.com/ostalnoe/kak-ostanovit-krov-iz-nosa-319.html

How to stop nosebleeds

Nosebleeds are a problem that many people face. Since the nasal mucosa is very rich in blood vessels, when bleeding occurs from the nasal cavity, in most cases it is quite severe and can lead to significant blood loss. In order to prevent this, the bleeding should be stopped as soon as possible. People at any age encounter the phenomenon of nosebleeds. In most cases, the problem can be dealt with on your own, without the involvement of doctors.

Causes of nosebleeds

All causes of nosebleeds can be divided into 2 large groups - local and systemic. Local reasons include:

  • nasal injuries;
  • surgical operations in the nasal cavity;
  • diagnostic studies of the nasal cavity using an instrument;
  • entry of foreign bodies into the nasal cavity;
  • acute inflammation in the nasal cavity;
  • sneezing with nasal congestion;
  • blowing your nose too vigorously;
  • excessive use of vasoconstrictors;
  • too long exposure to high temperatures on the nasal cavity (excessively long inhalation);
  • tumors in the nasal cavity;
  • anatomical defects in the structure of the nasal septum;
  • inhalation of narcotic substances;
  • inhaling cold, dry air for too long (on very cold winter days).

Systemic causes of nosebleeds include:

  • high blood pressure;
  • vascular atherosclerosis;
  • blood diseases;
  • avitaminosis;
  • severe increase in body temperature;
  • a sharp change in atmospheric pressure;
  • hormonal imbalance in the body.

Regardless of the cause of nosebleeds, they should be stopped as soon as possible.

Assessing the severity of nosebleeds

The severity of nosebleeds is determined by the amount of blood loss. Doctors today distinguish 4 degrees of nosebleeds. This classification is as follows:

  • from 10 to 100 ml – light bleeding that does not worsen the patient’s condition;
  • from 100 to 500 ml – massive bleeding, which does not pose a threat to the patient’s life, but noticeably worsens his condition;
  • from 500 to 1100 ml – severe bleeding, which poses a threat to the patient’s life and greatly worsens the general condition;
  • from 1100 ml - particularly severe bleeding that can lead to death even with medical assistance.
Timely provision of first aid for nosebleeds helps prevent it from developing into a severe form, which can be very dangerous.

When you urgently need to call an ambulance

Despite the fact that in most cases nosebleeds can be stopped on your own, there are situations when the patient requires urgent medical attention. You should call an ambulance immediately in the following situations:

  • nosebleeds are severe and cannot be stopped within 10 minutes;
  • the patient has blood clotting disorders;
  • the patient uses blood thinners;
  • the patient has high blood pressure;
  • blood from damaged vessels of the nasal mucosa does not flow out of the nostrils, but flows down the back wall of the nasopharynx and larynx into the stomach, which causes the patient to vomit blood;
  • the patient experiences a pre-fainting state;
  • nosebleeds recur within 24 hours.

If medical assistance is required, you should not postpone it and continue trying to stop the bleeding on your own, as this can even lead to the death of the patient.

The main mistake when stopping nosebleeds

When dealing with nosebleeds, many make one serious mistake: trying to stop the bleeding, they often throw back their heads or lie down, which is strictly prohibited. This is due to the fact that in such positions, the blood pouring out of the damaged vessel begins to flow down the back wall of the nasopharynx and larynx into the stomach, and can also enter the respiratory tract. As a result, the patient's condition worsens significantly, and in some cases, choking on blood may occur.

Ways to stop nosebleeds in children

Nosebleeds are much more common in children than in adults, and parents should definitely know how to stop this type of bleeding.

  • The easiest way to combat even severe nosebleeds is to squeeze the nostrils. In order to apply this method, the child should be seated on a chair or taken on your lap, tilt his head slightly forward and press both nostrils firmly against the nasal septum. It is necessary to hold the child’s nose in this way for 10 minutes. After the child’s nose is released, the resulting blood clots must be very carefully removed from the nasal passages. Since you cannot blow your nose after a nosebleed, you should use a cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide for this purpose. When this procedure is completed, you need to put the child to bed for 30 minutes. For 12 hours after a nosebleed, children should not be allowed to bend over or play active games. If the blood continues to flow after the child’s nose has stopped being squeezed, you should urgently call an ambulance.
  • Cold is a classic remedy for nosebleeds in both children and adults. To stop bleeding, the child must take the same position as in the first method of eliminating nosebleeds. After this, apply an ice pack or a nasal tent soaked in cold water to the bridge of the nose. Next, you need to ensure that the neck is exposed to cold. For this purpose, the towel is moistened in cold water and, folded several times, pressed to the neck. Cold exposure usually stops bleeding within 5 to 10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop during this time and does not weaken, medical attention is required.
  • Another way to stop bleeding is hand and foot baths. The child is seated on a chair with his head slightly tilted forward, and his arms are placed up to his elbows in very cold water, and his legs in the most tolerable hot water. This method allows you to reduce blood pressure in the upper part of the body and thereby stop bleeding.

Most often, nosebleeds in children are not very severe and can be easily stopped with home remedies.

Ways to stop nosebleeds in adults

In adults, nosebleeds, although not as common as in children, still occur. If it is not associated with a serious injury or a significant increase in pressure, it is quite possible to stop it on your own. Just like children, adults should not throw back their heads and lie down in this case.

  • For mild bleeding, when the blood does not flow in a stream, you can use nasal vasoconstrictor drops based on naphazoline or xylometazoline. To stop bleeding, a rolled cotton swab (no more than 15 mm thick) should be moistened generously with drops and inserted into the nasal passage as far as possible, but without applying any force to its insertion. If you overdo it, you can damage the mucous membrane and bones. The tampon is left in the nose for 10–15 minutes. It should be removed very carefully so as not to provoke new bleeding.
  • In case of severe bleeding, dousing with cold water can also be used. To do this, the patient should pour at least 50 liters of very cold water on his head and shoulders. After this procedure, a significant narrowing of blood vessels occurs, which is why the blood successfully stops. This method is not suitable for those prone to colds and chronic lung diseases.
  • Hydrogen peroxide, which is used to stop bleeding from various wounds on the skin, can also be used for nosebleeds. To help the patient, you need to moisten a cotton swab with peroxide and insert it as deep as possible into the nasal passage. After this, the victim should remain at rest for 15 minutes. After the specified time, the tampon is carefully removed and 1 drop of vasoconstrictor drops is instilled into the nose, which will prevent re-bleeding.
  • In summer, you can stop nosebleeds with nettle. For treatment, a cotton swab should be soaked in the juice of the herb and inserted into the nose. You need to leave it for 10 minutes, after which the bleeding will stop. This effect of nettle is explained by its ability to perfectly increase blood clotting.

In the vast majority of cases, nosebleeds can be stopped on your own, and therefore you should not forget about home remedies to solve this problem.

Source: http://onwomen.ru/kak-ostanovit-krov-iz-nosa.html

Krasnoyarsk medical portal Krasgmu.net

Epitaxis, or nosebleeds, can be a symptom of a number of diseases of the nose and other organs

Nosebleeds are a symptom of diseases of both the nasal cavity (acute and chronic rhinitis, as well as benign and malignant tumors of the nose) and the body as a whole.

Nosebleeds can be a consequence of injury, blood clotting disorders, hypertension, or severe physical exertion.

Possible causes that can lead to nosebleeds are varied:

  1. diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, heart defects and vascular abnormalities with increased blood pressure in the vessels of the head and neck, atherosclerosis of blood vessels);
  2. blood clotting disorders, hemorrhagic diathesis and diseases of the blood system, hypovitaminosis and vitamin deficiency;
  3. increased temperature as a result of acute infectious diseases, heatstroke, sunstroke, and overheating;
  4. hormonal imbalances (bleeding during puberty, bleeding during pregnancy).

Blood may come out of the nose in drops or streams. If it is swallowed and enters the stomach, bloody vomiting may occur. With prolonged, and especially hidden nosebleeds, a fainting state develops: pale skin, cold sweat, weak and rapid pulse, and blood pressure drops.

First aid for nosebleeds:

  1. It is necessary to sit the patient comfortably so that the head is higher than the body.
  2. Tilt the patient's head slightly forward so that blood does not enter the nasopharynx and mouth.
  3. If you have a nosebleed, you should not blow your nose, this can make the bleeding worse!
  4. Press the wing of the nose against the septum. Before this, you can insert cotton swabs moistened with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, naphthyzine 0.1% into the nasal passages (tampons are prepared from cotton wool in the form of a cocoon 2.5-3 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick; tampons for children should be injected no more than 0.5 cm thick).
  5. Place an ice pack (hot water bottle) on the back of your head and bridge of the nose for 20 minutes.
  6. Here’s the method: if your nose is bleeding, you need to take (clean) paper about 6X6 cm, and quickly make a ball out of it, put the ball under your tongue. Medicine is not able to explain this phenomenon, but the blood stops within 30 seconds and there is no need to throw your head back, you just need to sit quietly.

When is it necessary to consult a doctor?

  1. If the blood from the nose flows in a stream and does not stop after attempts have been made to stop on its own for several minutes.
  2. If nosebleeds are a consequence of blood clotting disorders, diabetes, or increased blood pressure.
  3. If the patient constantly takes medications such as aspirin, heparin, ibuprofen.
  4. If blood, flowing profusely down the back wall of the throat, enters the throat and causes bloody vomiting.
  5. If, against the background of nosebleeds, fainting or pre-fainting occurs.
  6. For frequently recurring nosebleeds.

Nosebleeds are treated by an ENT doctor.

Folk remedies for nosebleeds:

  1. If blood comes from the right nostril, then raise your right hand up above your head and pinch the nostril with your left, and vice versa.
  2. The patient raises both hands behind his head, and a second person closes both nostrils or one for 3-5 minutes. The bleeding will stop soon.
  3. Grind fresh yarrow leaves until they are moist and insert into your nose. And even more effective is to squeeze the juice and drop it into your nose.
  4. Squeeze the juice of 1/4 lemon into a glass of cold water or pour in 1 teaspoon of 9% vinegar. Draw this liquid into your nose and hold it there for 3-5 minutes, closing your nostrils with your fingers. Sit or stand quietly, but do not lie down. Place a wet, cold towel on your forehead and nose.
  5. Corn silk will help with frequent nosebleeds. 1 tbsp. Pour 1.5 cups of boiling water over a spoonful of corn silk and boil in a water bath for 10 minutes. Then cool the broth and take a quarter glass 3 times a day.
  6. For nosebleeds, drink an infusion of dry herb medicinal cap. Pour 3 pinches of raw material with a glass of boiling water and cool. Strain and drink the infusion in 3 doses.

Nose bleed.

The most common cause of nosebleeds is injury. For some, the blood vessels may even be damaged by strong nose blowing or the habit of picking your nose with your finger. In children, nosebleeds often occur due to inflamed adenoids or due to too dry air in the room: the dry mucous membrane cracks and ruptures the blood vessel.

It happens that nosebleeds occur during the flu or a cold - the blood vessels become fragile due to the disease. They are also more vulnerable during pregnancy. Another possible reason is a lack of vitamins C or K, long-term use of aspirin, heparin, ibuprofen.

Sometimes nosebleeds occur with a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure, prolonged exposure to the sun, or physical stress.

Regular nosebleeds occur with blood diseases, rheumatism, diabetes, and chronic liver diseases. They often accompany hypertension: with a sharp rise in blood pressure, the walls of the blood vessels cannot withstand it and burst. In this case, the blood will not stop until the pressure normalizes.

What to do if you have a nosebleed?

First of all, you need to calm down - when you are nervous, your heart starts beating faster, and this only increases the bleeding. Then sit down and tilt your head forward a little.

Under no circumstances should you tilt it back, as many do!

Firstly, because of this, blood can enter the esophagus and cause vomiting, and secondly, in this position the veins in the neck are compressed and the pressure in the vessels of the head increases, which increases bleeding.

Cold should be applied to the back of the head and bridge of the nose (hold for 3-4 minutes, then the same break), and heat should be applied to the legs. Pinch your nose with your fingers and sit there for 5-10 minutes.

If the bleeding is severe, you can first carefully insert cotton swabs soaked in hydrogen peroxide or naphthysine into the nostrils. In order not to damage the bleeding vessel again, the cotton wool from the nose can be removed no earlier than an hour later.

It is better not to instill any drops: blood along with the medicine can get from the nasal cavity into the auditory tubes and then cause inflammation of the ear.

After the bleeding stops, you should not blow your nose for a day (so as not to dislodge the formed blood clot). It is also better to refrain from hot food and drinks at this time. They can cause blood vessels to dilate and cause re-bleeding.

If the cause of nosebleeds is weak blood vessels, you can strengthen them in the following ways:

  1. rinse your nose with salt water;
  2. lubricate the inside of the nostrils with Vaseline to protect the mucous membrane from drying out;
  3. drink green tea and rosehip decoction more often;
  4. drink 1 tbsp three times a day. nettle infusion (3 tsp of dry herb, pour 1 tbsp of boiling water, leave for minutes);
  5. take ascorutin (it contains vitamins necessary for blood vessels.

Barberry will relieve frequent nosebleeds

1/2 teaspoon of crushed barberry bark should be infused for 1 hour in a glass of boiling water. Strain and drink half a glass 3-4 times a day and rinse your nose with this cool infusion several times a week. Gradually the bleeding will stop bothering you.

Turnip for nosebleeds

This treatment for nosebleeds: grate turnips, squeeze out the juice, add sugar. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day. Bleeding will stop after 1 day, but for prevention, take the juice for two more days. There will be no more bleeding.

Horsetail will stop nosebleeds

As soon as bleeding begins, you need to prepare a horsetail decoction: 1 tbsp. l. pour 0.5 liters of water, bring to a boil, boil for 5 minutes, cool quickly by placing the saucepan with the broth in a large container with cold water, strain and suck the broth through your nose several times. The procedure is not pleasant.

Willow (white willow) powder against nosebleeds

Dried willow bark is used for nosebleeds. It must be ground in a coffee grinder. You will get a powder that you need to inhale through your nose. This should not be done during bleeding, but in advance. Inhale willow powder every two days for several weeks and the bleeding will stop.

Source: http://krasgmu.net/publ/krov_iz_nosa_nosovoe_krovotechenie_pervaja_pomoshh/

How to stop nosebleeds

Bleeding is an unpleasant thing, especially if it starts out of the blue. So that it does not overtake you by surprise, study this information and remember the procedure for stopping nosebleeds.

Due to the large accumulation of blood vessels in the human nose, sometimes even a minor blow or injury causes bleeding. How to stop nosebleeds? In some cases, it is better to immediately seek help from doctors, but in other situations this problem can be successfully solved at home. How to do this, read on.

What to do if you have a nosebleed

The first step is to determine how serious the situation is. Pay attention to when the bleeding occurred and how intense it was.

It happens that the blood drips a little and stops on its own. It is also possible to stop minor bleeding on your own. If the bleeding is heavy and is accompanied by other signs (serious damage to the skin, fainting, darkening of the eyes, hysteria or increased blood pressure) or the bleeding is complicated by chronic diseases of the blood or cardiovascular system, you must urgently call an ambulance and follow the instructions of the telephone operator before arrival doctor

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Causes of nosebleeds

Take a look at this list. Each of the points can cause nosebleeds.

  • Overheating of the body;
  • Avitaminosis;
  • Reduced blood clotting;
  • Weak blood vessels;
  • Nose injury;
  • Inflammatory processes in the nasal passage;
  • High blood pressure;
  • Pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
  • Existing serious diseases, for example: leukemia or anemia;
  • Reduced level of platelet production in the body;
  • Taking medications;
  • The presence of a tumor in the nasal passage.

What can precede a nosebleed?

Sometimes before the onset of nosebleeds, a headache begins, discomfort in the nasal cavity is felt, dizziness or tinnitus occurs. The presence of at least one of these signs may indicate the imminent onset of bleeding.

This situation can happen to anyone, but this situation raises the most questions when it occurs in a small child, during pregnancy, or with high blood pressure.

How to properly stop nosebleeds in young children?

  • To begin, the child must be seated so that the blood can flow out freely.
  • Ice should be placed on the bridge of the nose, neck or forehead. If it is not there, you can take any cold product from the refrigerator. Your feet should be warm at this time.
  • Press the wing of the nostril from which the blood is coming out against the septum for 15 seconds. During this time, the bleeding should stop.
  • If the bleeding is heavy, place a tampon soaked in a small amount of hydrogen peroxide (just salt water will do) in the nostril, or use vasoconstrictor drops.

To prevent this condition, it is important for the child to spend more time in the fresh air (in any weather). Swimming and hardening are great for strengthening blood vessels. Periodically humidify the air in the room where the child spends most of the time. It is important that his diet is varied and contains all the necessary microelements and vitamins.

In young children, nosebleeds are often caused by frequent nose picking. Make sure your child doesn't do this. If the cause of the problem is physical activity, it is necessary to review the baby’s daily routine and reduce it.

How to stop nosebleeds during pregnancy?

Sit so that it flows freely from the nasal cavity. Next, follow the instructions below.

First, close both nostrils for a few seconds. If this doesn't help, try inserting a wet swab soaked in salt water or hydrogen peroxide into your nose.

Ice applied to the bridge of the nose helps a lot. You can press on your upper lip and hold your finger there for 20 seconds. During this time, the bleeding should stop. Otherwise, it is recommended to call a doctor.

How to stop nosebleeds with high blood pressure

As mentioned above, sometimes nosebleeds occur due to high blood pressure. In order to stop the flow of blood from the nose in case of hypertension or a sudden increase in pressure, you first need to sit down or lie down (the head of the bed should be raised). Next, insert a cotton wool into your nose, dipping it in hydrogen peroxide or salt water, and sit or lie quietly for 5-10 minutes. If the problem cannot be resolved, call an ambulance.

What could make matters worse?

When trying to stop a nosebleed, certain factors can make the condition worse.

  1. Blood must not be allowed to enter the respiratory tract. To do this, when lying on the bed, raise the head of the bed with a high pillow. It is also not recommended to throw your head back. The blood must be spat out.
  2. When lying down, raising your legs leads to a redirection of blood towards the head, and this can provoke a new nosebleed. Avoid this position when stopping bleeding.
  3. Severe anxiety and drinking tea or coffee increases blood pressure. Try to calm down and avoid drinking these drinks to avoid increased blood flow.
  4. When the bleeding stops, a crust forms in the nose, which, like a plug, stops the bleeding. If you try to blow your nose immediately afterward, you may bleed again. So, don't rush to blow your nose.

When to see a doctor?

Medical assistance is necessary if:

  • When trying to stop nosebleeds, you feel a wound or some kind of damage in the nasal cavity;
  • The bleeding lasts more than 15 minutes and you are unable to stop it;
  • You have frequent nosebleeds (repeatedly during the week, for no obvious reason).

Traditional ways to stop nosebleeds

The standard recommendations were listed above, but it is possible to turn to effective traditional medicine.

Try putting freshly squeezed lemon juice on your nose, a few drops in each nostril. You can dip a cotton swab in lemon juice and insert it into your nose for a few minutes. Change it if necessary.

If you have nettle on hand (let's say you are in nature), squeeze the juice out of it and insert a cotton wool soaked in this juice into your nose.

Some people successfully stop nosebleeds using the su-jok system. To do this, you need to bandage your thumb approximately at the level of the middle of the nail (use a rubber band or twine for this) and hold it there for 10 minutes. According to the su-jok technique, in this place there is a reflex zone corresponding to the area of ​​the nose.

Preventive measures

Due to the increased dryness of the air, nosebleeds may also occur. For example, when the heating is turned on, the air in apartments and offices becomes much drier than at other times. A properly selected air humidifier, placing wet towels on radiators, spraying the room with a spray bottle, frequent ventilation or indoor plants will help improve the situation.

When the nasal mucosa dries out, crusts can form on it. To avoid this phenomenon, try periodically instilling 2-3 drops of rosehip oil or sea buckthorn oil.

If your bleeding is due to increased fragility of blood vessels, consult your doctor. Rutin and ascorbic acid strengthen blood vessels well.

If blood clotting is reduced, it is recommended to drink tea from herbs (yarrow, plantain, nettle, knotweed, fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn). A 5–10% solution of calcium chloride helps reduce the permeability of vessel walls. It must be taken after meals, 2-3 times a day, 1 teaspoon.

Blood can also clot poorly if there is a lack of vitamin K. Eat lettuce, spinach, bananas, all types of cabbage, avocado, soy, wheat bran, eggs, meat, olive oil and dairy products. And you will help your body cope with this problem.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Source: http://sovets.net/2054-kak-ostanovit-krov-iz-nosa.html

Blood from the nose: what to do

Everyone is familiar with the situation when blood comes from the nose, but few people know what to do when there is bleeding. Medicine calls this process epistaxis and defines it as a phenomenon characterized by the flow of blood from the initial part of the respiratory tract due to a disruption in the blood supply to the mucosa. Blood drips and flows down the larynx or pours directly from the external openings of the nose. During bleeding, the patient is exhausted, hears a hum, and feels dizzy. Intense recurrent nosebleeds are accompanied by a sharp decrease in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, loss of strength and pose a danger to human life.

Epistaxis usually opens due to mechanical injuries, but sometimes this process is a symptom of inflammatory diseases of the nose. This phenomenon often occurs in a dream, it is typical for people of all ages. The number of patients with such pathology is up to 10% of those hospitalized in inpatient otolaryngology departments.

Classification of bleeding

  1. According to the local manifestation of bleeding, they are distinguished:
  • Anterior, when blood drains from the anterior nasal sections (the so-called Little's zone, or Kisselbach's plexus). These bleedings make up the vast majority of the total number of cases and are easily stopped.
  • Posterior discharge occurs along the posterior wall of the nasal cavity. Patients with this type of bleeding often require medical attention.
  • Unilateral bleeding occurs from one nostril.
  • Bilateral discharge is considered to be when blood oozes from both nostrils.
  1. Based on the frequency of manifestation, one-time and repeated bleeding are distinguished.
  2. Based on the type of damaged vessels, bleeding is classified as arterial, venous or capillary.
  • Insignificant - up to several milliliters.
  • Mild, in which blood loss is no more than 0.7 liters. The patient is in a semi-fainting state, his pulse is rapid.
  • Medium (up to 1.5 liters of blood). The patient hears a buzzing in the ears, experiences a lack of air, and thirst.
  • Severe - the victim loses a fifth of the total blood volume, he faints.

Causes

  1. Local causes of nosebleeds:
  • injury to the head, face, nose;
  • nasal surgery;
  • inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory organs;
  • allergies and pungent odors;
  • benign and malignant neoplasms in the nose;
  • dry air (especially in winter);
  • drugs;
  • stress and overwork;
  • overheat.
  1. Common causes of nosebleeds:
  • hypertensive crisis;
  • blood clotting disorder;
  • diseases of the cardiovascular system;
  • infectious processes;
  • very rapid increase in atmospheric pressure;
  • hormonal disbalance.

How to stop - first aid

Few people know how to properly stop a nosebleed. Throwing your head back is strictly prohibited, since in this case blood flows from the nose into the larynx, which may enter the stomach, which will provoke vomiting. It is also contraindicated to take a horizontal position. When your nose bleeds, stop drinking hot tonic drinks for a day. If blood is flowing from the nose, you should not take aspirin or other medications that interfere with the normal process of blood clotting.

Many people are afraid of blood and do not know what to do if they have a nosebleed. Under any circumstances, remain calm. During times of stress, the heart rate increases and the volume of blood lost increases. Open the window, free your throat and chest from clothing for full breathing. In a sitting position, lower your head, pressing your chin to your chest. It is recommended to take deep breaths through your nose and exhale through your mouth. This will help improve blood circulation.

Another effective method to quickly stop bleeding is applying a cold compress. They can serve as ice wrapped in a loose cloth or napkin. Blood vessels tend to constrict when cold, so this step will help reduce bleeding. A cold shower can also quickly stop bleeding. It is urgent to drip your nose with vasoconstrictor nasal drops. If you don’t have any medications on hand, you can use a few drops of fresh lemon juice.

With scanty bleeding, pressing the wings of the nose with your fingers and breathing through the mouth will help. The bleeding will stop within 10 minutes. After the blood flow from the nose stops, it is not recommended to blow your nose for at least 12 hours.

What to do if you have a nosebleed on the street? When your nose starts bleeding and you are outside the house, buy any chilled drink and apply it to the bleeding nostril.

If the bleeding does not stop, try the South Korean su-jok therapy technique: tie the thumb tightly with a rope or rubber band at the level of the middle of the nail. This zone is responsible for the nose area. According to traditional methods of treatment, pressing a point located between the nose and upper lip is effective. Stopping the hemorrhage will occur with simultaneous massage of the inner corners of the eyes.

Traditional medicine can also tell you how to stop severe nosebleeds. The easiest way is to insert a swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide, rosehip oil, sea buckthorn oil or plain water into your nose. The tampon should be left in the nostril for half an hour. To prevent the turunda from drying to the nasal passages, regularly moisten it with water and remove it carefully. You cannot peel a dried tampon from the mucous membrane, this will provoke excessive blood flow.

If bleeding continues to flow, immediately call an ambulance and schedule a visit to an otolaryngologist. An experienced specialist will advise you on how to stop nosebleeds and what to do if the nosebleeds do not stop.

Hospital treatment

If there is bleeding from the anterior nasal passage:

  • local anesthesia is given with lidocaine aerosol;
  • moisten gauze or cotton wool with peroxide solution, thrombin, hemophobin;
  • insert a tampon into the nose;
  • apply a bandage to the nose;
  • leave the turunda in the nose for up to 2 days (if the patient’s condition is serious - up to a week), regularly moisturizing it;
  • The tampon must be wetted immediately before removal.

If there is bleeding in the back of the nose, the following procedures are performed in hospitals:

  • sterile gauze swabs are tied with medical threads;
  • the patient is given an anesthetic intramuscular injection;
  • a rubber medical tube is inserted into the bleeding nasal passage and pulled into the throat, pulling it out through the mouth with forceps;
  • a gauze swab is fixed at the end of the rubber tube and pulled through to the internal nasal passages;
  • the turunda is held inside thanks to two threads coming out of the anterior nasal passages;
  • another thread is removed through the mouth and attached to the cheek with a medical plaster;
  • Additionally, tamponade of the anterior nasal passages is performed;
  • turundas are not removed for 2 days to a week, depending on the intensity of bleeding;
  • complex treatment with antibiotics is carried out;
  • remove tampons with medical threads.

What to do if nosebleeds ooze regularly? This may be due to weak blood vessels. With such a clinical picture, the doctor will recommend cauterization. This short-term procedure will not cause much discomfort. The most common are cauterization with silver, laser and coagulation of blood vessels in the nose.

Treatment for nosebleeds

You will find many recommendations on how to stop nosebleeds in an adult from Chinese doctors who massage certain points on the body. In folk medicine, there are also enough recipes on how to stop nosebleeds.

It is important to remember that you first need to find out the cause of this symptom, so do not delay your visit to the clinic.

Moderate and severe degrees of blood loss require mandatory treatment. First aid will be provided by an emergency room doctor. Next, the patient needs to go to an otolaryngologist, therapist and hematologist. The ENT specialist will advise you to do a general, biochemical blood test and a coagulogram. The therapist will measure blood pressure and, if necessary, write out a referral for an ECG, an X-ray of the head, cervical spine, and paranasal sinuses.

Author: Olga Kondratyuk

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    How to stop nosebleeds at home

    Nosebleeds are divided into two types: anterior and posterior. The first option occurs when the small capillaries from the Kisselbach zone are damaged. The reason for the second is a burst large vessel located in the middle or posterior part of the nose. Anterior bleeding is not dangerous and can be stopped at home. A person with the second type needs the help of a specialist and, possibly, surgery.

    Correct position

    A patient with burst nasal capillaries is seated on a chair or armchair. Loss of even 100–200 ml of blood is accompanied by dizziness and disorientation. The victim may lose consciousness and fall, injuring his head.

    If the cause of burst capillaries is sunstroke, the person is transferred to the shade. If there is no furniture, the patient is seated on the ground with his back against a wall or tree. The head is tilted down, pressing the chin to the chest so that the blood flows freely from the nasal cavity. Place a clean towel or napkin under the lower jaw so as not to stain your clothes.

    Have the blood vessels burst due to severe mechanical trauma, and the victim cannot stand or sit? The patient is placed on the bed, raising his head above the rest of the body. Turn on its side and place a large pillow or blanket rolled up.

    In patients who tilt their head back in a sitting or lying position, blood flows into the esophagus. Liquid enters the trachea, making it difficult to breathe, and irritates the stomach, causing nausea. The load on the cardiovascular system increases and blood pressure rises. This position does not help stop the bleeding, but only worsens the patient’s well-being. A patient who begins to vomit may suffocate.

    How to help

    It is necessary for the damaged vessels to narrow, so something cold is applied to the bridge of the nose and the back of the head. Pieces of ice wrapped in a plastic bag and a terry towel, frozen meat or fish fillets are suitable.

    The feet are placed in a basin of warm water or a heating pad is applied to the feet. Blood from the head rushes to the lower part of the body, and blood clots form in small vessels located in the Kisselbach zone. In 70–80% of cases, this is enough to eliminate the problem and normalize the patient’s well-being.

    In case of emergency

    Did your nose bleed while you were outside and you don’t have ice or a warm heating pad on hand? First, the patient must sit on a bench or ground. He is then advised to blow his nose to clear the passages of accumulated red fluid and mucus, and close one or both nostrils for 4-10 minutes. Breathe through your mouth at this time.

    If small capillaries are damaged, small blood clots will close them. After stopping the bleeding, you need to rest, and to prevent it from opening again, you should not get up suddenly. Wash off the red marks with clean water, but do not touch the crust that has formed inside the nose for at least 12 hours.

    Medications

    For scanty discharge, it is recommended to use drops for the common cold, which constrict blood vessels. Suitable:

    The drug is administered into both nostrils, 5-6 drops. The patient blows his nose, clearing the passages of accumulated blood, then instills the product. Do not throw your head back, but simply press the wings against the cartilage with your index and thumb.

    In case of heavy discharge, swabs made of sterile cotton wool wrapped in a layer of gauze are soaked in drops and then inserted into the nasal cavity, pushing as deep as possible. The victim is offered to eat ice cream or hold a piece of ice in his mouth. Cold causes blood vessels to constrict and enhances the effect of the drops.

    Traditional methods

    Patients with fragile blood vessels or chronic sinusitis, which causes periodic nosebleeds, are advised to keep herbal decoctions on hand. Helpful:

    Comfrey has hemostatic properties, but the plant should not be mixed with linden, otherwise the decoction will have the opposite effect. The nasal cavity is washed with cool water infusion or cotton swabs are moistened in the herbal preparation.

    Instead of nasal drops, use freshly squeezed juices from the leaves:

    Anterior nosebleeds with scanty discharge will be stopped by beetroot or viburnum juice, as well as lemon and currant juice. It is diluted with boiled water and administered using a clean syringe. The product is instilled into the nose or soaked in cotton swabs.

    Decoctions of yarrow or viburnum bark are recommended to be taken orally, but the drink must be cooled. Warm tea causes blood vessels to dilate, which may increase bleeding.

    Patients whose capillaries burst while relaxing in nature are advised to find a plantain and pick a few leaves. The workpiece is washed with mineral water, kneaded until juice appears, and then twisted into a tight tube and inserted into the nasal passages.

    If the capillaries burst not due to mechanical injuries, it is recommended to apply a large onion, cut in half, to the back of the head. Press a small towel soaked in ice water to your forehead.

    Important: Do not put breast milk in your nose. The product does not cauterize injured small vessels, but only coagulates and clogs the airways. The product is a source of bacteria, which causes the mucous membrane to become inflamed, causing swelling and purulent discharge.

    Solutions and disinfection

    Nosebleeds can be quickly treated with peroxide. You will need sterile cotton wool from which to roll a thick swab. Wrap the workpiece in a piece of gauze and dip it in peroxide. When the liquid is absorbed, insert the tampon into the nasal passage.

    The product disinfects and cauterizes broken capillaries, so bleeding stops after 3-5 minutes. The main thing is to bend your head down so that the foaming peroxide does not enter the esophagus. Injured vessels are cauterized with a solution of novocaine (1%), chromic or trichloroacetic acid. The drugs are used like peroxide. For light discharge, the product is administered into the nose instead of nasal drops.

    Disinfectant solutions with hemostatic properties are prepared from salt: dissolve 20 g of the spice in a glass of chilled boiled water. Stir and rinse your nose with a clean syringe. Then insert thick cotton swabs or press the wings against the septum.

    If there is no suitable equipment, the saline solution is “inhaled” and then the nose is pinched for 1–2 minutes. Lower your head so that the product mixed with blood does not flow into the esophagus.

    Burst vessels are cauterized with table vinegar. Dissolve a teaspoon of nine percent solution in a glass of water, soak cotton swabs in the acidified liquid and insert into one or both nostrils.

    Homemade turundas are soaked in rosehip or sea buckthorn oil if the cause of bleeding is brittle capillaries weakened by chronic sinusitis or sinusitis. The nose is first washed with saline solution or peroxide to disinfect it.

    You can cauterize broken capillaries with alum. For one part of the product, 3 parts of water. Cotton strands or balls are soaked in the solution.

    A motorist has a homeostatic sponge in his first aid kit. A small piece is cut from it and inserted into the nostril. The sterile product does not need to be removed. The sponge stops the bleeding and then dissolves within a few hours.

    How to help your child

    A baby whose nose bleeds for the first time needs to be calmed down and seated on the sofa with a napkin under his chin. Bend your head down and apply ice or frozen meat to the bridge of your nose. If the bleeding does not stop, insert turundas soaked in peroxide or nasal drops into the nose.

    It is not advisable to use a saline or vinegar solution for rinsing. Parents are advised to unfasten or loosen the collar and bring the child to an open window. He should breathe through his nose, not his mouth. Oxygen promotes the formation of blood clots, which will block the burst capillaries, and the bleeding will stop.

    If there is heavy discharge, the child is given a spoonful of calcium chloride (5–10%), glycerophosphate or calcium gluconate. A Vikasol tablet or 60 ml of a weak saline solution taken orally will help. To make the blood vessels narrow, the patient is asked to hold a small piece of ice in his mouth.

    If the blood does not clot within 15 minutes, you need to call an ambulance or take the child to the doctor yourself so that a specialist can apply tourniquets. Before doctors arrive, parents should press a rubber heating pad with ice to the bridge of the patient’s nose. Feet need to be steamed in warm water.

    Removing tourniquets

    Wet turundas are carefully separated from the mucous membrane and removed. The nose is washed with a weak saline solution to ease breathing and clear the passages of dried blood particles. Slowly inject 5–10 ml of liquid, tilting your head down. The solution should flow out on its own; blowing your nose is prohibited, otherwise re-bleeding may begin.

    You cannot sharply pull out cotton strands that are stuck to the mucous membrane without first wetting them, otherwise ichor or copious red discharge will appear. After removal with a tampon and washing, the mucous membrane is treated with ascorbic acid or solutions based on silver nitrate (50%).

    Contraindications

    A patient who has had a nosebleed is given a glass of mineral or distilled water to restore the fluid balance in the body. It is forbidden to drink black tea, any alcohol, cocoa or coffee for 24–36 hours. Drinks contain caffeine, which increases blood pressure and dilates blood vessels. One cup is enough for the unhealed capillaries to burst a second time, and bleeding begins. Sometimes repeated discharges are more abundant than the first.

    Blood loss is stressful for the body, so the patient is advised to lie down for at least 3-4 hours so that the body can rest and recover.

    Capillaries and vessels located in the nose burst due to injury, abuse of nasal drops or chronic diseases such as sinusitis or sinusitis. Regular bleeding indicates serious health problems: leukemia, cirrhosis, benign and malignant tumors in the brain. Only a doctor can determine the cause and choose treatment, so do not neglect the consultation of an ENT specialist or therapist.

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